Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Metalloporphyrin Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Arrays for Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract

A chemiresistive sensor array was created from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by non-covalent modification with late first-row transition metal complexes of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. The responses to vapors of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were strong and were subjected to statistical analyses that enabled the successful classification of representative VOCs into five different categories (aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and amines) with 98% accuracy. With the exception of amines, which are capable of strong charge transfer interactions, the basis of classification appears to correlate with the differences in the solubility properties of the porphyrin compounds in the various VOCs as solvents. This feature suggests that an analyte with greater intermolecular affinity for the SWCNT-porphyrin composite will induce a greater response. These results further demonstrate the potential for porphyrin-functionalized SWCNT-based electronic noses for applications in inexpensive, portable chemical sensors for the identification of VOCs.

Chemoresistive materials for electronic nose: Progress, perspectives, and challenges

“…E, Principal component analysis (PCA) result of residual gases (ketones, aromatics, aliphatic compounds, and alcohols) except amine. F, PC3 plotting against PC2 with ketone, aromatic, aliphatic, and alcohol gases (Reproduced with the permission of Reference . Copyright American Chemical Society, 2015)…”

“…Liu et al fabricated a non-covalent metallic porphyrinsingle-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based sensor array for various types of VOCs. [103][104][105] It was functionalized with covalent or noncovalent bonds with other molecules to impart selectivity to SWCNTs. 106 In particular, covalent bonding damages the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs).…”

Carbon Nanotube Based Gas Sensors toward Breath Analysis

“…Liu et al. functionalized SWCNTs with different metal‐coordinated porphyrins and applied them to a chemiresistor array for VOC class differentiation . Variance in the array was achieved by making half of the porphyrin series ionic metalloporphyrins coordinated with M 3+ cations (Co, Fe, Mn, Cr), and the other half neutral metalloporphyrins coordinated with M 2+ cations (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn).…”

“…functionalized SWCNTsw ith different metal-coordinated porphyrinsa nd applied themt oac hemiresistor array for VOC class differentiation. [106] Variance in the array was achieved by making half of the porphyrins eries ionic metalloporphyrins coordinated with M 3 + cations (Co, Fe, Mn, Cr), and the other half neutral metalloporphyrins coordinated with M 2 + cations (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Three compounds from each VOC class (hydrocarbons, aromatic, ketones, alcohols, and amines) were tested against the chemiresistora rray and the responsesw ere analyzed with PCA.…”

Organic Vapour Sensing Properties of Area-Ordered and Size-Controlled Silicon Nanopillar

“…As with most types of other sensors, gas sensors should also have high sensitivity and short response time, good long-term stability, and low operating voltage. Not only all kinds of gas sensitivity materials but also many micro-structures have been extensively studied, such as SnO 2 [7,8], WO 3 [9,10], grapheme [11,12], MoS 2 [13,14], and carbon nanotube [15,16]. As found in detecting humidity, organic vapour gas sensors showed an improved sensitivity.…”