Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Spectroscopy in Live Cells: Towards Long‐Term Labels and Optical Sensors

Heller, Daniel A.; Baik, Seunghyun; Eurell, Thomas E.; Strano, Michael S.

doi:10.1002/adma.200500477

Cited by 516 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The high sensitivity of PL in SWCNT systems is very useful in sensing applications [23]. In order to fully exploit the PL features of SWCNTs in biomarkers [24] and optoelectronic devices [25], strong and environmentally stable PL signatures are required. However, SWCNTs exhibit all of their constituent carbon atoms on their sidewalls, and are extremely sensitive to their environments.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Dwcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Kim¹,

Yang²,

Muramatsu³

et al. 2014

Carbon letters

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Double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are considered an ideal model for studying the coupling interactions between different concentric shells in multi-walled CNTs. Due to their intrinsic coaxial structures they are mechanically, thermally, and structurally more stable than single walled CNTs. Geometrically, owing to the buffer-like function of the outer tubes in DWCNTs, the inner tubes exhibit exciting transport and optical properties that lend them promise in the fabrication of field-effect transistors, stable field emitters, and lithium ion batteries. In addition, by utilizing the outer tube chemistry, DWCNTs can be useful for anchoring semiconducting quantum dots and also as effective multifunctional fillers in producing tough, conductive transparent polymer films. The inner tubes meanwhile preserve their excitonic transitions. This article reviews the synthesis of DWCNTs, their electronic structure, transport, and mechanical properties, and their potential uses.

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Section: Thermal Stability Of Dwcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Kim¹,

Yang²,

Muramatsu³

et al. 2014

Carbon letters

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“…Most known fluorophores suffer from photoinduced bleaching and fluorescence intermittency on the single particle level (i.e., blinking), but strikingly, emission from nanotubes remains steady and uninterrupted over hours of continuous excitation at room temperature. 72,75,76 Still, the luminescence efficiency, or fluorescence quantum yield (QY), for ensembles of SWNTs is extremely poor, typically <0.1%. 77 Due to their unique optical properties, SWNTs may satisfy a long-standing need for superior fluorophores required for in vivo single biomolecule imaging and single particle tracking (Figure 1 -5).…”

Section: Optical Properties and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coupled with their relative ease of uptake into cells and infrared emission at wavelengths most transparent to biological tissue, SWNTs hold great promise in this area because NIR radiation passes through tissue without causing significant heating, scattering, or damage to live cells. 57,75,76,78,79 The development of single molecule sensors based on SWNT fluorescence is particularly promising because all SWNT carbon atoms are situated on the surface of the molecule, making their response extremely sensitive to changes in the local environment. In fact, the ability of SWNTs to perform as glucose 78 and biological sensors 76,79 has already been demonstrated.…”

Section: Optical Properties and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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“…HeLa cells and RBCs were incubated in SWNT-OX solutions under the same conditions (70 nmol/L SWNT-OX for 2 h at 37 °C). The strong Raman band at 1590 1600 cm -1 called the tangential mode (or G band), which is caused by stretching along C C bonds of graphene, was used as the signature to detect and map the presence of SWNT-OX inside cells or attached to cell membranes [4,13]. Figure 3(a) shows a Raman image of a single HeLa cell, in which black color indicates locations with high G band intensity.…”

Section: Cellular Uptake Of Swnt-ox By Rbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes inhibit the hemolytic activity of the pore-forming toxin pyolysin

Donkor

Mandal

et al. 2009

Nano Res.

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Functionalized carbon nanotubes have already demonstrated great biocompatibility and potential for drug delivery. We have synthesized acid oxidized and non-covalently PEGlyated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), which were previously prepared for drug delivery purposes, and explored their potential for detoxifi cation in the bloodstream. Our investigations of the binding of SWNTs to a pore-forming toxin pyolysin show that SWNTs prevented toxin-induced pore formation in the cell membrane of human red blood cells. Quantitative hemolysis assay and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the inhibition of hemolytic activity of pyolysin. According to Raman spectroscopy data, human red blood cells, unlike HeLa cells, did not internalize oxidized SWNTs. Molecular modeling and circular dichroism measurements were used to predict the 3-D structure of pyolysin (domain 4) and its interaction with SWNTs. The tryptophan-rich hydrophobic motif in the membrane-binding domain of pyolysin, a common construct in a large family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, shows high affi nity for SWNTs.

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Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Spectroscopy in Live Cells: Towards Long‐Term Labels and Optical Sensors

Cited by 516 publications

References 57 publications

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes inhibit the hemolytic activity of the pore-forming toxin pyolysin

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