Sinha and Amaratunga Reply:

We study a superconductor that is coupled to a superfluid via density and derivative couplings. Starting from a Lagrangian for two complex scalar fields, we derive a temperature-dependent Ginzburg-Landau potential, which is then used to compute the phase diagram at nonzero temperature and external magnetic field. This includes the calculation of the critical magnetic fields for the transition to an array of magnetic flux tubes, based on an approximation for the interaction between the flux tubes. We find that the transition region between type-I and type-II superconductivity changes qualitatively due to the presence of the superfluid: the phase transitions at the upper and lower critical fields in the type-II regime become first order, opening the possibility of clustered flux tube phases. These flux tube clusters may be realized in the core of neutron stars, where superconducting protons are expected to be coupled to superfluid neutrons.

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“…Studies relevant to our work that do include both components within a single model can be found in Refs. [31][32][33][34]. In Ref.…”

Section: E Relation To Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical magnetic fields in a superconductor coupled to a superfluid

Haber

Schmitt

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Depending on the intensity of the magnetic fields considered, exotic particles such as hyperons, delta resonances, meson condensates and quarks can vanish completely from their core, changing, for example, the neutrino emission of these objects (Rabhi & Providencia 2010). In other words, magnetic field decay over time can lead to a repopulation of stars, similarly to rotational spin down (Negreiros et al 2013;Bejger et al 2017), playing an important role on key questions such as the hyperon puzzle (Zdunik & Haensel 2013;Chatterjee & Vidaña 2016), the Delta puzzle (Cai et al 2015;Drago et al 2016), hadron-quark phase transitions (Avancini et al 2012;Ferreira et al 2014;Costa et al 2014;Roark & Dexheimer 2018;Lugones & Grunfeld 2018) and stellar cooling (Sinha & Sedrakian 2015;Raduta et al 2017;Negreiros et al 2018;Fortin et al 2018;Patiño et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting magnetic field for minimal deformation of a magnetized neutron star

Gomes

Pais

Dexheimer

et al. 2019

A&A

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Aims. In this work, we study the structure of neutron stars under the effect of a poloidal magnetic field and determine the limiting largest magnetic field strength that induces a deformation such that the ratio between the polar and equatorial radii does not exceed 2%. We consider that, under these conditions, the description of magnetic neutron stars in the spherical symmetry regime is still satisfactory. Methods. We describe different compositions of stars (nucleonic, hyperonic, and hybrid), using three state-of-the-art relativistic mean field models (NL3ωρ, MBF, and CMF, respectively) for the microscopic description of matter, all in agreement with standard experimental and observational data. The structure of stars is described by the general relativistic solution of both Einstein's field equations assuming spherical symmetry and Einstein-Maxwell's field equations assuming an axi-symmetric deformation. Results. We find a limiting magnetic moment of the order of 2 × 10 31 Am 2 , which corresponds to magnetic fields of the order of 10 16 G at the surface and 10 17 G at the centre of the star, above which the deformation due to the magnetic field is above 2%, therefore, not negligible. We show that the intensity of the magnetic field developed in the star depends on the EoS, and, for a given baryonic mass and fixed magnetic moment, larger fields are attained with softer EoS. We also show that the appearance of exotic degrees of freedom, such as hyperons or a quark core, is disfavored in the presence of a very strong magnetic field. As a consequence, a highly magnetized nucleonic star may suffer an internal conversion due to the decay of the magnetic field, which could be accompanied by a sudden cooling of the star or a gamma ray burst.

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“…The latter one can be obtained from the known distribution of the electric field E inside the resonator. Based on the field equivalence principle, the radiation of any dielectric resonator can be found either via the volume integration of formulas (3,4) of [1], or, equivalently, by surface integration of effective magnetic currents [4]. Note, that that there is a body of literature on artificial magnetic conductors, see review e.g.…”

Section: Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The claim on the higher efficiency of asymmetric radiators is grounded in [1] not only on the misinterpreted experiment. It is also based on some irrelevant formulas.…”

Section: Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently published paper [1] contains several misleading statements and misinterpretations of known facts. The main massage of the paper [1] is as follows: "We have shown that explicit symmetry breaking in the structural configuration of charges leads to symmetry breaking of the electric field which results in electromagnetic radiation due to non-conservative current within a localized region of space and time" seems to transcend mere empiricism, touching the theoretical foundations of electromagnetism.…”

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confidence: 99%

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