“…The paper footballs in this activity are triangular, similar in shape to the prolate spheroid American football or a rugby ball. This hands-on activity has the potential to increase student understanding over reading textbooks or lectures (Fawcett, Ritchie, Wallin, & Webb, 2009;Gumus & Love, 2016;Harnowo, Calhoun, & Monteiro, 2016). Studying PDSA through experiential learning is consistent with the supply chain management (SCM) educational literature, which has been encouraging greater incorporation of game-based learning (e.g., Althouse & Hedges, 2015;Cyrs, 1994).…”