Sino-Russian negotiation styles: A cross-cultural analysis of situated patterns

Malik, Tariq H.

doi:10.1177/2057891119887812

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…Third, the methodology developed through a multistage study (qualitative and quantitative data) offers cues into the process for future research across contexts. We also produced a model in Figure 4 for future research to test, refine, and improve the model in the context of cross-countries research at a general level (Malik, 2019) and Sino-Korean analysis at a specific level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

Malik

Choi

2021

Sage Open

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South Korea imports a large amount of agricultural and aquatic food products from China, which meets its food security. However, the import from China raises food safety questions, leading to food safety apprehension. We explored the source of the Korean consumer’s apprehension. Based on the apprehension reduction theory (ART) developed from interviews with Korean consumers in the first stage of the study, we conducted a survey to assess the social media as an indirect source of information and direct experience of the consumer in the second stage of the study. We received 504 responses, of which 1/3 of the respondents had visited China in the last year. Using FSS (Food Safety Satisfaction) as the dependent variable (1— low to 5— high), we link information from the social media vis-à-vis direct experience and made three discoveries. (a) The information quantity of social media increases the consumer’s apprehension, partially refuting the ART. (ii) FSS increased in response to information flow from the direct experience of the consumer with Chinese imported food. (c) The direct information from experience mediates the effects of indirect information (social media) on apprehension about agricultural and aquatic product imports. We made three inferences. First, information quantity and quality have separated roles in the ART. Second, social media increases the free-market style information flow, turning legitimate products to illegitimate and vice versa. Third, the collective irrationality from the information quantity needs institutional bricolage to legitimize the chaotic nature of the untamed information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

Malik

Choi

2021

Sage Open

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Errors of commission and omission in artificial intelligence: contextual biases and voids of ChatGPT as a research assistant

Salleh

2023

DESD

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The human interaction with machines has come a long way from the ancient times to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools today, threatening individuals and organisations in various professions. ChatGPT (CGPT) has entered on the scenes to replace researchers and research assistants, creating a hysertia and hype at every level that CGPT will replace science. Although it is dubbed as a substitute of scholars, CGPT, its true implications can be judged by the error of omission versus commission to answer whether CGPT plays an effective role in the efficiency and effectiveness of supporting research and practice. Based on the framework of errors of commission and omission, this article tests the function of CGPT as a research assistant, which answers theoretical question why biases occur (if any) and how they occur, and a practical question how to prevent them. This article is based on an experiment with CGPT to test whether it can produce (a) summaries based on citations, (b) citations based on summaries it produced, and (c) citations based on the published abstract of the research article in the literature. For consistency, this study uses 1 author (who was able and willing to participate), 34 publications in referred journals, multiple experiments. The result shows three patterns. First, CGPT produced summaries of all citations correctly, and the proximity between the abstract and summary ranged from 5 to 10 with average about 7 on 10-scale. Second, the summary to citation was 100% inaccurate and biased. Third, the link from the abstract to citation was 100% biased. In the theory of errors of omission and errors of commission, this study explains where, how and why those errors occur in the contextualised world.

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Inter-temporal and inter-spatial institutional change influencing the duration decision of the Sino-foreign university alliances

Malik

2020

Social Sciences & Humanities Open

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Sino-Russian negotiation styles: A cross-cultural analysis of situated patterns

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

Errors of commission and omission in artificial intelligence: contextual biases and voids of ChatGPT as a research assistant

Inter-temporal and inter-spatial institutional change influencing the duration decision of the Sino-foreign university alliances

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