Sinonasal Cancers: Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Sinonasal cancers are rare tumors constitute 3% of head and neck cancers. These include malignancies of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinuses, frontal sinus and sphenoid sinus). Patients are often asymptomatic until late in the course of their disease. Tumors of the maxillary sinus are more common than those of the ethmoid sinus or nasal cavity. The workup for patients with suspected paranasal sinus tumors includes complete head and neck CT/MRI with contrast. FDG-PET/CT may be considered in the workup of patients with clinically apparent stage III or IV disease. The most common histology for these tumors is squamous cell carcinoma, others reported includes adenocarcinoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, minor salivary gland tumors, or sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma [SNEC]). Surgical resection for all T stages (except T4b, any N) followed by postoperative therapy remains a cornerstone of treatment. However, definitive RT or systemic therapy/RT is recommended for T4b, any N. Locoregional control and incidence of distant metastasis are dependent on T stage, N stage, and tumor histology.

The Evolution of Care of Cancers of the Head and Neck Region: State of the Science in 2020

“…In contrast, the primary etiologic factor for oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC) is now HPV. Of note, cancers of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity may have a distinct pathogenesis from the aforementioned subsites and are discussed elsewhere [6][7][8][9]. The incidence of HPV-positive OPSCC has been exponentially rising, with an annual increase of 3.8% in Caucasian men between 1992 and 2015 [5,10].…”

Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a case series

“…The majority of tumours that arise in the sinonasal region are asymptomatic for a long time. As a result, patients are more likely to have extensive tumours that have spread to nearby organs and tissues, such as the eyes, optic nerves, chiasm, lacrimal glands, brainstem, pituitary gland, frontal and temporal lobes (4) . Our first case was asymptomatic (stage I).…”

“…Non-salivary-type adenocarcinomas are further classified into intestinal-type (ITAC) and non-intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (NITAC) (3) . Due to the rarity of these tumours, there is no treatment consensus (4) .…”

Angiosarcoma de cavidad nasal: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura

“…La cirugía generalmente implica maxilectomía medial y etmoidectomía en bloque. Se requiere un abordaje craneofacial si el tumor se extiende superiormente, al techo etmoidal o la región olfatoria 20 . Sin embargo, los avances en la medicina permiten que opciones endoscópicas endonasales menos invasivas puedan ser utilizadas 19 .…”