Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a novel sensitizer discovered by Professor Fang Qi-Cheng and widely used in photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). We searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, etc. for system review of its progress. We found that, both DVDMS-PDT and -SDT had been proven effective for inhibiting tumor growth and mechanisms involved reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Material advances enhanced antitumor effects and expanded its application. The safety of DVDMS in animals was evaluated, and metabolic parameters were uncovered. Additionally, DVDMS-PDT also exhibited therapeutic effects on non-neoplastic diseases like psoriasis and bacterial infections. Two phase I clinical trials of DVDMS have been documented, but recruitments had still not been completed. In conclusion, DVDMS is a promising sensitizer for both PDT and SDT; however, there are some shortcomings in previous studies like inconsistent treatment parameters, which need systematic assessments in future. Moreover, more mechanisms such as the role of autophagy need to be discovered. Further evidence of the safety and effectiveness of new materials are needed, and the application in non-neoplastic diseases like actinic keratosis and fungal infection deserves further development. Above all, promoting its clinical applications is the most important goal.</jats:p>

Research progress of berberine mediated photodynamic therapy (Review)

“…BBR exhibits clear inhibitory effects on different types of cancer, including colorectal, lung, ovarian, prostate, liver and cervical cancers ( 60 ). This suggests that BBR-PDT may have more potent antitumor effects compared with other photosensitizers due to the superposition of the antitumor effects of BBR and PDT ( 15 , 61 ). However, only a few studies have proven the antitumor effects of BBR-PDT ( 15 , 31 , 59 ).…”

“…SDT is a promising new option for the invasive treatment of tumors ( 62 ). SDT is similar to PDT in that it requires the combination of sensitizers, ultrasound and molecular oxygen ( 61 ). The major advantage of SDT compared with PDT is the increased penetration of ultrasound through mammalian tissues compared with light, indicating that it can be used to treat deeper and less accessible tumors ( 61 , 62 ).…”

“…SDT is similar to PDT in that it requires the combination of sensitizers, ultrasound and molecular oxygen ( 61 ). The major advantage of SDT compared with PDT is the increased penetration of ultrasound through mammalian tissues compared with light, indicating that it can be used to treat deeper and less accessible tumors ( 61 , 62 ). As the light source of BBR-PDT is UV, which has several side effects, such as burn and pain, BBR-SDT may be a more favorable choice for treating tumors ( 16 ).…”