Sinter structure analysis of titanium structures fabricated via binder jetting additive manufacturing

Abstract

describes the in-depth relationship between the principles of sintering mechanisms, the theory of thermodynamics and kinematics of sintering, and process outcomes for binder jetting additive manufacturing.

Beamless Metal Additive Manufacturing

“…Binder jetting has been successfully used for printing of different metals such as stainless steel [48], titanium [49][50][51][52][53], biodegradable iron-manganese alloys [54], WC-CO hardmetals [55], superalloys [56][57][58], cobalt-chrome [59], magnetic materials [60][61][62], and high purity copper [63] that is challenging to process using beam-based AM technologies due to its optical reflectivity and high thermal conductivity.…”

“…The main limitation of metal binder jetting is the relative density of metal parts (95-97%), which can be compared with a typical density of > 99% with laser-based powder bed systems. A number of research works have been conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters (such as layer thickness, binder saturation, drying after printing each layer) and part orientation [58,71], powder particle size and distribution [53,[72][73][74], and post-processing [47] on density, and mechanical properties. The influence of layer thickness, powder particle size and sintering profiles in the binder jetting of IN718 superalloy was studies by Turker et al [58].…”

Data related to the sinter structure analysis of titanium structures fabricated via binder jetting additive manufacturing

“…Evaluation of the effects of the different sintering types was carried out using CT as described in Wheat et al [1] . For this work, the CT analysis was performed on a single replicate of each of the powder Types A ○••, B ○○•, C ○•○, D •○• and E ••○ at 1400 °C (H) and 1000 °C (L) sintering regime respectively.…”

“…The three bi-modal powder distributions were made by blending the three mono-modal distributions at equal weight ratios. The samples were manufactured in accordance with Wheat et al [1] Parts were sintered using in a densifying (maximum 1400 °C) and non-densifying (maximum 1000 °C) sintering regime. Data source location Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.…”

“… The visualization of the overall part density, particle and pore size of the for the three different powder types (Types A ○••, C ○•○, E ••○) manufactured using binder jetting additive manufacturing are useful in visualizing the effect of densifying (H) and non-densifying (L) sintering. For Type B ○○• and E •○•, the data is included in the work by Wheat et al [1] . …”