Sintering and Ferrite Formation During High Temperature Roasting of Sulfide Concentrates

Shu, Jun; Lakshmanan, V. I.; Convey, J.

doi:10.1179/cmq.1999.38.4.215

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…No significant liquid phases were identified from FactSage calculations for the analyses in Table 6 at 800–1200°C. However, the analyses at least show that lead is not present in the molten phase and the molten phase compositions are in agreement with previous work (Shu et al , 1999). In fact, no Pb was analysed in sample 3, indicating that most of the Pb was volatilised.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…6 and 7. This phenomenon of hexagonal zincite crystals covered by a molten phase has been identified before (Shu et al , 1999). The zinc concentrate was partially roasted in a laboratory experiment at 1100°C for 5 min.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Sinter formation in zinc concentrate reacted at 1100°C, in laboratory experiments to simulate roasting, is caused by formation of a liquid phase of Zn–S–O composition (Shu et al , 1999).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinter formation in zinc roasting

Coetsee¹,

Naudé²,

Richards³

et al. 2013

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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Excessive sinter formation in zinc roasters leads to defluidisation of the bed so that production time is lost in clearing the collapsed bed from the roaster in preparation for restart of the roaster process. At Exxaro's Zincor plant the roaster feed concentrate consisted of a blend of Rosh Pinah, Black mountain and an import concentrate. The possible formation of unwanted sinter material was investigated by thermochemical simulation of the roaster process using FactSage software. The mineralogical composition of the individual feed concentrate streams was quantified by QemScan analyses. This mineralogical analysis was simplified and then used as input into the FactSage simulation calculations. The thermochemical simulation results were used to aid in the process interpretation of mineralogical analyses of samples from a failed bed, as compared to an acceptable roaster product sample.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Sinter formation in zinc roasting

Coetsee¹,

Naudé²,

Richards³

et al. 2013

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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show abstract

“…There have been limited studies related to sintering of concentrates during roasting. With some studies on zinc concentrates during oxidative roasting, [12][13][14] sintering has been only occasionally discussed for copper-rich concentrates, [10] lacking a detailed mineralogical investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

Prasad

Lennartsson

Samuelsson

2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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Four different Cu-rich polymetallic concentrates (additionally comprising Zn, Pb and impurity elements As, Sb) from various deposits in Sweden are examined, in particular for the sintering tendency during roasting in inert atmosphere. Experiments performed in a laboratory-scale roasting setup between 200 °C and 700 °C in intervals of 100 °C revealed that significant sintering initiates from 500 °C for all four concentrates. Two sintering mechanisms are determined from the examination of the sintered calcines: (1) solid-state assimilation of Cu-, Zn- and Fe-bearing main sulphide minerals to form a high-temperature solid solution, the iss phase belonging to the Cu-Fe-Zn-S system; (2) low-melting liquid phase formation due to partial melting of galena facilitated by the presence of impurity-bearing minerals, mainly the arsenopyrite and Sb sulphosalts such as tetrahedrite. Galena also forms a melt below 700 °C with the iss phase. Therefore, the presence of galena in polymetallic concentrates generally increases the susceptibility to early sintering. These experiments in inert atmosphere facilitate a fundamental study with practical relevance to the roasting in low oxidation potential environments, favourable for volatilization of impurity elements such as As and Sb.

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“…The blast furnace, a moving bed reactor, is utilized for making hot metal or liquid iron in an integrated steel plant (Omori, 1987;Ueda et al, 2010a). Fluidized bed reactors are employed for roasting of zinc and sulfide ores (Nyberg, 2004;Shu et al, 1999), for the production of polycrystalline silicon (Ranjan et al, 2011) and polyethylene (Kiashemshaki et al, 2006), etc. Rotary hearth furnaces are employed for reduction of iron ores by volatiles (Sohn and Freuhan, 2005, 2006a, 2006b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Optimization of Industrial Gas-Solid Reactors

Runkana

2015

KONA

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Heterogeneous non-catalytic gas-solid reactors are commonly used in the production of chemicals, metals and metal oxides, for example, rotary drum reactor for producing quick lime; blast furnace, a moving bed reactor for producing iron, etc. Industrial processes involve multicomponent mixtures of solids as most of the naturally occurring materials such as minerals are multicomponent in nature. Generally the raw materials are heterogeneous and their physical and chemical characteristics vary from one source to another. The solid particles are also usually moist, the moisture content varying from season to season. The physico-chemical phenomena that take place in these reactors include flow of gases through porous media, heat transfer between the gases, solids, equipment and the environment, evaporation and condensation of moisture, reactions between gases and solids and within a single phase, melting and solidification depending on the temperatures inside the reactor, etc. The flow of particles is also of great importance especially in rotary drum and moving bed reactors. General features of the mathematical models for non-catalytic reactors are described along with models for the phenomena mentioned above. Case studies from the iron and steel industry on model-based optimization of production of direct reduced iron in a rotary kiln and induration of wet iron ore pellets on a moving packed bed reactor are discussed here.

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Sintering and Ferrite Formation During High Temperature Roasting of Sulfide Concentrates

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Sinter formation in zinc roasting

Sinter formation in zinc roasting

A Mineralogical Investigation of Sintering in Cu-Rich Polymetallic Concentrates During Roasting in Inert Atmosphere

Model-Based Optimization of Industrial Gas-Solid Reactors

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