Sintering behavior and electrical properties of K4CuNb8O23 modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics with SnO2, ZnO or Yb2O3 doping

Acceptor and Donor Dopants in Potassium Sodium Niobate Based Ceramics

“…Their XRD traces also depicted secondary peak positions similar to those in this study. Akça and Yılmaz (2015) also reported insolubility issues for Sn 4+ in KNN with secondary peaks visible in their XRD data. The reasons behind the insolubility of Sn 4+ issues in KNN is unclear, since Sn 4+ (0.69 Å) has a similar ionic radius to Nb 5+ (0.68 Å; Shannon, 1976).…”

“…Some groups have discussed potassium oxide and sodium oxide both separately and with doping elements, in terms of electrical properties for KNN-based ceramics (Jaffe et al, 1971;Fluckiger and Arend, 1978;Kodaira et al, 1982;Jenko et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2015). Fewer studies have been done on acceptor (Akça and Yılmaz, 2015;Rafiq et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2016) and donor (Wu S. et al, 2014;Hreščak et al, 2017) dopants in KNN to understand its electrical properties. Donor and acceptor dopants play a vital role in the investigation into the semiconducting properties and defect chemistry of the well-established systems of Barium Titanate (BT) and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT; Masó et al, 2006;Da-Wei et al, 2009;Cao et al, 2010;Erdem et al, 2010;Wang D. W. et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012Wang et al, , 2014Ma et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2013;Freeman et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013Li et al, , 2015Lou et al, 2018).…”