Sintering boron carbide ceramics without grain growth by plastic deformation as the dominant densification mechanism

Ji, Wei; Rehman, Sahibzada Shakir; Wang, Weimin; Wang, Hao; Wang, Yucheng; Zhang, Jinyong; Zhang, Fan; Fu, Zhengyi

doi:10.1038/srep15827

Cited by 115 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The grain size of the flash spark plasma sintered materials was 3.5m, compared to a starting particle size of 2.36m [29]. Using a higher pressure for flash spark plasma sintering more in line with those used in conventional spark plasma sintering [82] may result in a further lowering of the flash sintering temperature.…”

Section: Boron Carbidementioning

confidence: 83%

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Dancer¹

2016

Mater. Res. Express

159

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During flash sintering, ceramic materials can sinter to high density in a matter of seconds while subjected to electric field and elevated temperature. This process, which occurs at lower furnace temperatures and in shorter times than both conventional ceramic sintering and field-assisted methods such as spark plasma sintering, has the potential to radically reduce the power consumption required for the densification of ceramic materials. This paper reviews the experimental work on flash sintering methods carried out to date, and compares the properties of the materials obtained to those produced by conventional sintering. The flash sintering process is described for oxides of zirconium, yttrium, aluminium, tin, zinc, and titanium; silicon and boron carbide, zirconium diboride, materials for solid oxide fuel applications, ferroelectric materials, and composite materials. While experimental observations have been made on a wide range of materials, understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the onset and latter stages of flash sintering is still elusive. Elements of the proposed theories to explain the observed behaviour include extensive Joule heating throughout the material causing thermal runaway, arrested by the current limitation in the power supply, and the formation of defect avalanches which rapidly and dramatically increase the sample conductivity.Undoubtedly, the flash sintering process is affected by the electric field strength, furnace temperature and current density limit, but also by microstructural features such as the presence of second phase particles or dopants and the particle size in the starting material. While further experimental work and modelling is still required to attain a full understanding capable of predicting the success of the flash sintering process in different materials, the technique nonetheless holds great potential for exceptional control of the ceramic sintering process.

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Section: Boron Carbidementioning

confidence: 83%

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Dancer¹

2016

Mater. Res. Express

159

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“…The macroscopic property is a result of the interplay of chemical stoichiometry, second phases, and grain‐boundary characteristics. In the literature, the flexural strength of lab‐consolidated boron carbide ranges from 220 to 550 MPa . The lower strengths (e.g., 220 MPa) are generally attributed to the poor densification and high porosity, while the higher strengths (e.g., 550 MPa) to the improved densification and/or second phases filling up the submicrometer pores during liquid phase sintering.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterization of a Commercial Hot‐Pressed Boron Carbide Armor Plate

et al. 2016

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Detailed microstructural characterization was carried out on a commercial-grade hot-pressed boron carbide armor plate. The boron carbide grains have close to B 4 C stoichiometry, and most of them have no planar defects. The most prominent second phase is intergranular graphite inclusions that are surrounded by multiple boron carbide grains. Submicrometer intragranular and intergranular BN and AlN precipitates were also observed. In addition, fine dispersions of AlN nanoprecipitates were observed in some but not all grains. No intergranular films were found. These microstructural characteristics are compared with the lab-consolidated boron carbide and their effects on the mechanical properties of boron carbide are addressed.

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“…These samples exhibit enhanced mechanical properties compared to traditionally sintered boron carbide pieces as a result of limited grain growth with high density. Because of differences in sample size and temperature measurement techniques comparing SPS experiments are challenging given the uncertainty in the true temperature of the sample . However, while direct temperature comparisons may not be possible, density and microstructure features are readily discernible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification and characterization of rapid carbothermal synthesized boron carbide

Toksoy

Rafaniello

Xie

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Submicrometer boron carbide powders were synthesized using rapid carbothermal reduction (RCR) method. Synthesized boron carbide powders had smaller particle size, lower free carbon, and high density of twins compared to commercial samples. Powders were sintered using spark plasma sintering at different temperatures and dwell times to compare sintering behavior. Synthesized boron carbide powders reached >99% TD at lower temperature and shorter dwell times compared to commercial powders. Improved microhardness observed in the densified RCR samples was likely caused by the combination of higher purity, better stoichiometry control, finer grain size, and a higher density of twin boundaries.

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Sintering boron carbide ceramics without grain growth by plastic deformation as the dominant densification mechanism

Cited by 115 publications

References 42 publications

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Flash sintering of ceramic materials

Microstructural Characterization of a Commercial Hot‐Pressed Boron Carbide Armor Plate

Densification and characterization of rapid carbothermal synthesized boron carbide

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