Sintering in a graphite powder bed of alumina-toughened zirconia/carbon nanotube composites: a novel way to delay hydrothermal degradation

Mechanical performance and microstructure of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs medical ceramic surgical scalpel material prepared through SPS–HF dual sintering method

“…where ρ 1 is the actual density (g/cm 3 ) and ρ 2 is the theoretical density (g/cm 3 ). The Vickers hardness was measured using an HVS-50 hardness tester and calculated as follows:…”

“…To solve the shortcomings of ceramic materials, researchers have often introduced second phases into the ceramic matrix to improve its fracture toughness. In the past few decades, several methods have been proposed to further improve the fracture toughness of 3Y-TZP, including particle toughening, [2][3][4][5] whisker toughening, [6][7][8][9] carbon nanotube toughening, [10][11][12][13] and graphene nanoplatelet (GNPs) toughening. 14,15 Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, which can be used as the reinforcing phase to improve the mechanical performance of 3Y-TZP, have attracted much research attention.…”