Sintering of gadolinia-doped ceria prepared by mechanochemical synthesis

Morphology control of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 nanopowder synthesized by sol–gel method using PVP as a surfactant

“…The GDC sample shows better conductivities than YSZ and the conductivity at 600 • C is 0.017 S cm −1 for GDC while 0.003 S cm −1 for YSZ. The dense GDC ceramic exhibits an ionic conductivity similar to those reported in the literature [3,17]. The activation energy is 0.49 eV for the GDC ceramic in this work, which is a little smaller than the reported values.…”

“…The sample sintered at 1300 • C and 1450 • C obtain a relative density of 94% and 98.2%, respectively. The values are higher than those of GDC powders prepared by solid-state reaction, freeze- drying (∼95% for 1600 • C) [16] and mechanochemical synthesis (∼98% for 1550 • C) [17], and similar to those from coprecipitation, acrylamide polymerization sol-gel (∼95% for 1450 • C) [3] or gelcasting process (∼96% for 1450 • C) [18]. This indicates the high sinterability of the well-dispersed GDC nanopowders.…”

Sintering process optimization for multi-layer CGO membranes by in situ techniques

“…In most literature studies, CGO powders are mixed with a cobalt salt or oxide and small CGO pellets are pressed and sintered for subsequent characterization of microstructure and electrical properties. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A significant lowering of the sintering temperature to about 950 • C in free sintering conditions of nanometric CGO ceramics was first reported by Kleinogel and Gauckler. 9 However, controversy still exists about the exact role of cobalt oxide during sintering regarding its distribution in the material.…”

Synthesis of nano-crystalline Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 electrolyte by novel sol–gel thermolysis process for IT-SOFCs

“…7, the GDC conductivities reported in this work are similar to those reported in the literature. [22][23][24] Furthermore the activation energy (E a = 0.87 eV) was smaller in ST 400 sample than ST 600 sample, all of these differences in conductivity and activation energy, can be explained by the difference in relative density. The increase of ionic conductivity of GDC ceramics with increasing density of samples was also observed by Torrens et al (relative density range 86-98%) 25 and by Ivanov et al (relative density range 94-100%).…”