Sintering Theories and Industrial Practice

Synthesis of Materials from Powders by Sintering

“…There is unhappiness about this situation (41,42). Apparently the sintering models are not able to describe the sintering rate behavior of a compact of an "ideal" powder in a straightforward manner.…”

“…It is too little recognized that impurities are accidentally present foreign substances in contradistinction to dopes, which are introduced into pure substances in order to obtain certain desired effects. In the literature on sintering not enough emphasis is placed on impurities and too much on the additives, bringing about a great deal of confusion when the materials investigated are not well characterized (42).…”

Finite element analysis of temperature distribution in 3YSZ ceramics during conventional sintering

“…Sintering, a crucial process in ceramic material fabrication, is highly influenced by various controllable parameters. These parameters include temperature, the rate at which the temperature is increased, 1 holding time, 2 the surrounding environmental conditions, 3 the geometrical or topological characteristics 4 of the system, such as the average dimensions, morphology, and distribution of the particles 2 . In the conventional sintering, the densification is predominantly achieved through the combined mechanisms of thermal diffusive processes that are operative at elevated temperatures and therefore dependent on external heating 5,6 .…”

“…Understanding and optimizing these factors are essential for achieving desirable sintering outcomes in ceramic materials. Ceramic materials are characterized by their inherently low thermal conductivity, leading to challenges in heat transfer during the sintering process 3,7,8 . The low thermal diffusivity of ceramic systems can significantly impede diffusive processes, including high‐temperature creep and sintering kinetics 2 .…”

“…Ceramic materials are characterized by their inherently low thermal conductivity, leading to challenges in heat transfer during the sintering process. 3,7,8 The low thermal diffusivity of ceramic systems can significantly impede diffusive processes, including hightemperature creep and sintering kinetics. 2 Moreover, the ratio of thickness to diameter in ceramics has historically been identified as a key factor influencing the sintering behavior.…”