Sintesis Selulosa Asetat dari Limbah Batang Ubi Kayu

Abstract

AbstrakSalah satu hasil pertanian terbesar di Indonesia adalah tanaman ubi kayu. Selama ini batang ubi kayu tersedia dalam jumlah yang cukup besar namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Batang ubi kayu memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yaitu selulosa 39,29%, hemiselulosa 24,34%, dan lignin 13,42%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah batang ubi kayu yang akan dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan selulosa asetat. Proses pembuatan selulosa asetat dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap isolasi selulosa (proses pretreatment, delignifikasi, dan bleaching) dan tahap sintesis selulosa asetat. Pelarut yang digunakan pada proses pretreatment yaitu asam fosfat, asam asetat, dan asam klorida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larutan asam fosfat 3% menghasilkan densitas terkecil yaitu 0,833 g/mL yang menunjukan bahwa telah terjadinya swelling. Pada proses delignifikasi digunakan variasi waktu dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut. Kadar selulosa terbesar yang diperoleh yaitu 56,92% dengan waktu pemasakan 2 jam dan rasio sampel terhadap pelarut 1:12 (v/v). Identifikasi gugus fungsi FTIR terhadap selulosa asetat menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus karbonil (C=O) dan gugus ester (C-O), masing-masing terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 1738,47 cm -1 dan 1224,39 cm -1 . Kadar asetil selulosa asetat yang dihasilkan sebesar 41,01% dan termasuk jenis selulosa diasetat yang dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut dalam pembuatan membran, film topografi, dan benang.Kata kunci: batang ubi kayu, kadar asetil, lignoselulosa, selulosa, selulosa asetat AbstractOne of the biggest agricultural products in Indonesia is cassava. During this time cassava stems are available in large enough quantities, but they not have been used optimally. The cassava stems has lignocellulose content i.e. 39.29% cellulose, 24.34 % of hemicellulosa, and 13.42 % of lignin. This study aims to utilize the cassava stems that will be used as raw material for cellulose acetate synthesis. The process of making cellulose acetate is done in two steps, namely the isolation of cellulose (the process of pretreatment, delignification, and bleaching) and the synthesis of cellulose acetate. The solvent used in the process of pretreatment is phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid. The results of this research shows that a solution of phosphoric acid 3% produces the smallest density namely 0.833 g/mL which shows the occurrence of swelling. In the process of delignification uses a variations of time and the ratio of cassava stems to solvent. The biggest contain of cellulose obtained is 56.92% with delignification time for two hours and the ratio cassava stems to solvent 1:12 (v/v). Identification of FTIR functional groups to cellulose acetate shows the absorption of carbonyl group (C=O) and ester group (C-O), seen at wave number 1738.47 cm -1 and 1224,39 cm -1 recpectively. The acetyl content of cellulose acetate produced is 41.01% and includes the type of cellulose diasetat which can be further utilized in manufacture of membrane, film topography, and thread.

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