Sipuncula of the Magellan area compared with adjacent regions of Antarctica

Abstract

SUMMARY: The Magellan sipunculan fauna includes 4 families, 7 genera and 16 species. A comparison between this fauna and that from adjacent regions of Antarctica has been made. A total of 8 species and 3 genera are shared by the compared areas. Univariate analyses show no significant statistical differences among the investigated faunas, whereas a multivariate analysis corroborates that the effects of the Antarctic Convergence are stronger at the level of genera than species. Only 3 genera were able to cross over this zoogeographical boundary. However, these 3 genera succeeded in the new biotopes of Antarctica, since a total of 16 species have been recorded, compared with the 8 species only found in the Magellan region.Key words: Sipuncula, zoogeography, Magellan region, Antarctic Convergence. RESUMEN: SIPUNCULA DE LA REGIÓN MAGALLÁNICA COMPARADA CON ZONAS ADYACENTES DE LA ANTÁRTIDA. -La fauna magallánica de sipuncúlidos presenta 4 familias, 7 géneros y 16 especies. Se lleva a cabo una comparación entre esta fauna y la procedente de zonas adyacentes de la Antártida. Un total de 8 especies y 3 géneros están presentes en ambas zonas. Los resultados del análisis univariante indican la ausencia de diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las faunas investigadas, mientras que el análisis multivariante revela que los efectos de la Convergencia Antártica son más importantes a nivel de género que de especie. Sin embargo, estos géneros tuvieron cierto éxito en la colonización progresiva de los nuevos biotopos antárticos, dado que se han encontrado un total de 16 especies frente a las 8 exclusivas del área magallánica.

DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in the peanut worm Sipunculus nudus

“…Considering that Sipuncula species are widely distributed from the Arctic to the tropics and from coastal waters to deep sea (Cutler 1977;Saiz-Salinas & Pagola-Carte 1999;Kddra & Wiodarska-Kowalczuk 2008), taxon specialists are lacking in both applied and basic research. Use of molecular tools such as DNA barcoding is one potentially efficient alternative approach for documenting Sipuncula diversity.…”

The sipunculan fauna of Svalbard

“…A relatively low number of sipunculan taxa (six) was reported from East Greenland (Wesenberg‐Lund 1937a) and Iceland (Wesenberg‐Lund 1937b). The Arctic regions are well separated from the Antarctic, where twice as many species of Sipuncula are found (Saiz‐Salinas 1995; Saiz‐Salinas & Pagola‐Carte 1999; Cutler et al. 2001) (Fig.…”

“… Dendrogram showing the faunistic resemblances in the composition of the sipunculan fauna of various northern polar and subpolar regions: Faroe Isles (Murina & Sørensen 2004); Iceland (Wesenberg‐Lund 1937b); East Greenland (Wesenberg‐Lund 1937a); Norwegian Sea (Murina 1977); Barents Sea (Sirenko 2001); Asian Arctic Shelf seas (Sirenko 2001); Antarctica (Saiz‐Salinas 1995; Saiz‐Salinas & Pagola‐Carte 1999); and Svalbard (this study). …”

Biodiversidade e áreas de endemismo de hidroides bentônicos (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da costa austral da América do Sul e Antártica

“…Alguns estudos recentes sobre a fauna antártica enfocam comparações entre esta fauna e a subantártica, levando em conta diversos táxons marinhos, tais como briozoários, crustáceos, equinodermos, hidroides, moluscos, poliquetos, poríferos e sipunculídeos (viz., Brandt et al, 1999;Gerdes & Montiel, 1999;Mühlenhardt-Siegel, 1999;Saiz-Salinas & Pagola-Carte, 1999).…”

“…Algumas semelhanças entre as faunas da Península Antártica e da região magalhânica vêm sendo documentadas Pagès & Orejas, 1999;Saiz-Salinas & Pagola-Carte, 1999) e associadas à separação tardia entre os continentes antártico e americano (Gerdes & Montiel, 1999;. Em geral, a interpretação da distribuição desta fauna tem um viés dispersionista, com discussões sobre a localidade de origem e sentido de migração destas faunas, i.e., origem magalhânica e dispersão para a Antártica ou vice-versa (cf., Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 1999).…”