Siraitia grosvenorii Extract Attenuates Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Induced by Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

We studied the activities of Siraitia grosvenorii extracts (SGE) on airway inflammation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as in LPS-treated human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). SGE improved the viability of LPS-incubated BEAS-2B cells and inhibited the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines. SGE also attenuated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling activated by LPS stimulation in BEAS-2B cells. In mice stimulated by CSE and LPS, we observed the infiltration of immune cells into the airway after COPD induction. SGE reduced the number of activated T cells, B cells, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), lung tissue, mesenteric lymph node, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as inhibited infiltration into organs and mucus production. The secretion of cytokines in BALF and the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mucin 5AC, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, and Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in lung tissue were alleviated by SGE. In addition, to investigate the activity of SGE on expectoration, we evaluated phenol red secretions in the trachea of mice. SGE administration showed the effect of improving expectoration through an increase in phenol red secretion. Consequently, SGE attenuates the airway inflammatory response in CSE/LPS-stimulated COPD. These findings indicate that SGE may be a potential herbal candidate for the therapy of COPD.

A comprehensive review of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey: chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, status of resources development, and applications

“…Experiments conducted on both in vivo models of lung inflammation induced by LPS have shown that treatment with SGEs significantly affects the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)—nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) when exposed to LPS. Consequently, this modulation inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators ( Kim et al, 2023 ). Moreover, in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and LPS, SGEs have been found to decrease the number of activated T cells, B cells, and neutrophils, as well as reduce inflammatory factor infiltration in various areas like bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.…”

“…Moreover, in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and LPS, SGEs have been found to decrease the number of activated T cells, B cells, and neutrophils, as well as reduce inflammatory factor infiltration in various areas like bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, SGEs downregulate the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine MUC5AC, transient receptor potential vanilla-like receptor 1, and transient receptor potential fixing protein 1 in lung tissue ( Kim et al, 2023 ). The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SGEs appears to involve inhibiting the activation of NF-κB by interfering with the activation of inosine phosphate 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/kappa B kinase inhibitor (IKK) and MAPK pathway ( Pan et al, 2009 ).…”

“…Studies have validated the effectiveness of S. grosvenorii residue extracts (SGREs) in addressing lung inflammation, skin inflammation, osteoarthritis (OA), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). SGREs have been found to suppress the expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines while boosting the levels of Th1 cytokines ( Kim et al, 2023 ). In a NC/Nga murine model treated with Dermatophagoides farinae mite antigen extract, SGREs (comprising grosvenorine, kaempferitrin, and Mogs) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited superior improvement in allergic skin inflammation compared to 5 mg/kg dexamethasone.…”

Therapeutic Synergies in Traditional Chinese Herbal Teas: An Integrative Review of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Complementary Constituents

“…These glycosides are not only responsible for the fruit's sweetness but also exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies suggest that mogrosides can reduce inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory markers and protecting cells from oxidative stress, which is a key contributor to inflammation [21,22,23] .…”

Lung inflammation perturbation by engineered nanoparticles

“…Lung inflammation is the direct response of the respiratory system to external stimuli. An imbalance in the lung inflammatory response leads to the occurrence of many major lung diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension ( Rong et al, 2022 ), acute lung injury ( Zhai et al, 2022 ), pneumoconiosis ( Li et al, 2017 ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( Kim et al, 2023 ), and lung cancer ( Ahmad et al, 2022 ). 3-Bromopyruvic acid, fucoidan oligosaccharide and astragaloside IV alleviate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats through an anti-inflammatory pathway ( Liu et al, 2020 ; Jin et al, 2021 ); The downregulation of miR-let-7e suppresses lung inflammation by targeting the SCOS1/NFκB signaling pathway, thereby reducing acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice ( Li W. et al, 2021 ).…”