Site Characteristics and Plant Community Development Following Partial Gravel Removal in an Arctic Oilfield

Kidd, Janet G.; Streever, Bill; Jorgenson, M. Torre

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[384:scapcd]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Vegetation development on soils with low organic matter content is usually slow (Jorgenson & Joyce ; Kidd et al. ; Rydgren et al. , ), because poor water‐ and nutrient‐holding capacity results in low availability of macronutrients like N and P (Reid & Naeth ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing seed mixtures for restoration on alpine soils: who should your neighbours be?

Rydgren

Hagen

Rosef

et al. 2017

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions: (1) When alpine vegetation is actively restored by seeding, how is vegetation cover influenced by seeding treatments and soil conditions? (2) How does the cover of species differ when they are seeded in a mixture and how is their response influenced by soil conditions? (3) Do individual species perform better or worse in a mixture than when sown separately?Location: Hjerkinn, Dovrefjell, Norway.Methods: In a factorial, randomized field experiment, we recorded the percentage cover of Festuca ovina, Luzula multiflora subsp. frigida and Poa alpina seeded in four different soil types for 3 yr after seeding. We seeded the three species separately and in a mixture in organic topsoil, peat soil, mineral fine soil and mineral coarse soil. We also recorded seedling emergence in a greenhouse experiment, using the same seeding treatments.Results: In the field experiment, vegetation cover established fastest when F. ovina was sown in monoculture, followed by the seed mixture. After 3 yr, mean cover of F. ovina was 1.4 times higher than mean P. alpina cover and more than three times higher than mean L. multiflora cover for single species treatments, and four (P. alpina) and 15 (L. multiflora) times higher when the species were seeded together. L. multiflora germinated slowly in the greenhouse experiment, which could partly explain its poor field performance. In the field experiment, establishment was faster in organic soils than mineral soils for all seeding treatments. The largest difference between F. ovina and L. multiflora performance in the mixture treatment was found in the organic soil types, where overall cover was larger than in the mineral soils. In the organic soils, F. ovina was slightly facilitated in the mixture treatment, while the opposite was found for L. multiflora.Conclusion: When the restoration goal is to quickly establish a vegetation cover, seeding monocultures of rapidly establishing species may be more effective than seeding mixtures, even in alpine sites, where interspecific facilitation may prevail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing seed mixtures for restoration on alpine soils: who should your neighbours be?

Rydgren

Hagen

Rosef

et al. 2017

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…Because abiotic and biotic ecosystem components mutually influence each other, both have to be taken into account in restoration of ecosystems. In harsh environments, such as alpine environments where the majority of hydropower spoil heaps are found, soil processes are slow (Kidd, Streever, & Jorgenson, ). Accordingly, alpine spoil heaps have low levels of soil organic matter even after eight decades (Rydgren et al, ), and slower recovery of soil properties than of univariate biotic ecosystem properties such as species richness and total cover is therefore expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing restoration success by predicting time to recovery—But by which metric?

Rydgren

Auestad

Halvorsen

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Restoration of degraded ecosystems may take decades or even centuries.Accordingly, information about the current direction and speed of recovery provided by methods for predicting time to recovery may give important feedback to restoration schemes. While predictions of time to recovery have so far been based mostly upon change in species richness and other univariate predictors, the novel ordination-regression based approach (ORBA) affords a multivariate approach based upon species compositional change.2. We used species composition data from four alpine spoil heaps in western Norway, recorded at three time points, to predict time to recovery using ORBA.This approach uses distances between restored plots and reference plots along a successional gradient, represented by a vector in ordination space, to model linear or asymptotic relationships of compositional change as a function of time. Results from ORBA were compared with results from models of more generic univariate attributes, that is total cover, species richness and properties of the physical environment as functions of time.3. ORBA predictions of time to species compositional recovery varied from less than 60 years with linear models to 115-212 years with asymptotic models. The long estimated time to recovery suggests that the restoration schemes adopted for these spoil heaps are likely to be suboptimal. 4. Much shorter time to recovery was predicted from some of the more generic univariate attributes, that is species richness and total cover, than from species composition. Given the current rates of recovery, most spoil heaps will reach reference levels for total cover and species richness within 50 years, whereas predictions indicate that 67-111 years are needed to restore levels of soil organic matter and pH. Synthesis and applications.Species composition and soil conditions provide information of generally higher relevance for evaluation of ecosystem recovery processes than the most commonly used metric to assess restoration success, species richness. Species richness is decoupled from species compositional recovery, and likely to be a generally poor measure of restoration success. We therefore | 391Journal of Applied Ecology RYDGREN Et al. | 397Journal of Applied Ecology RYDGREN Et al.

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“…Seeded non-native species may also spread from treated areas into adjacent natural areas (Conn et al, 2008). The potential for negative interactions between native and non-native species has led to a general suggestion that, if seeding is necessary, management should seed with only indigenous species (Kershaw and Kershaw, 1987;Kidd et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Tundra Vegetation Three Decades after Hydrocarbon Drilling with and without Seeding of Non-Native Grasses + Supplementary Appendices (See Article Tools)

Kearns¹,

Jean²,

Tissier³

et al. 2015

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Oil and gas exploration conducted in the 1970s left a legacy of abandoned test wells with sumps, containing drilling waste, in the Mackenzie Delta region of Canada's Northwest Territories. One to two years after the test wells were decommissioned, a set of sites were seeded with non-native grasses and fertilized to test whether these treatments could accelerate vegetation recovery and prevent erosion. We sampled seeded and unseeded sumps and adjacent tundra vegetation in the Mackenzie Delta region three decades later to examine the impact of post-disturbance seeding treatments on site recovery. Plant species composition and environmental data were collected at 12 sump sites (6 seeded and fertilized and 6 unseeded and unfertilized) in lowland and upland tundra. Multivariate analyses using NMDS and perMANOVA indicated that in the lowlands, seeding and fertilization treatments had small but significant effects on plant species composition that differentiated seeded from unseeded sump caps. Plant communities on sump caps for all treatment types were significantly different from surrounding undisturbed tundra, even after more than 30 years of recovery. Seeded non-native grasses were found on both seeded and unseeded sumps, but not in the surrounding undisturbed tundra. Undisturbed tundra appears resistant to the spread of introduced agronomic grasses, but disturbed areas, such as sumps, provide areas of suitable habitat where non-native plants can persist.Key words: revegetation treatments; low Arctic tundra; plant invasion; oil and gas exploration; Kendall Island Bird Sanctuary; long-term monitoring RÉSUMÉ. L'exploration pétrolière et gazière effectuée dans les années 1970 a laissé des puits abandonnés et des bassins à boue contenant des résidus de forage dans la région du delta du Mackenzie, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest au Canada. Un à deux ans après que les puits ont été mis hors service, un ensemble de sites a été fertilisé et ensemencé avec des graminées non indigènes afin de vérifier si ces traitements pouvaient accélérer le rétablissement de la végétation et empêcher l'érosion du sol. Dans le but d'examiner l'incidence des traitements d'ensemencement sur la récupération des sites après trois décennies, nous avons échantillonné des bassins à boue ensemencés et non ensemencés, ainsi que la végétation de la toundra adjacente non perturbée dans la région du delta du Mackenzie. Sur 12 sites de bassins à boue (six sites ensemencés et fertilisés et six sites non ensemencés et non fertilisés) situés en basse et haute toundra arctique, des données environnementales ont été récoltées et des relevés de végétation ont été effectués. Les analyses multivariées (NMDS et perMANOVA) ont indiqué que les traitements d'ensemencement et de fertilisation ont eu un impact petit, mais significatif sur les communautés végétales au sommet des bassins à boue en basse toundra arctique. Les communautés végétales présentes au sommet des bassins à boue de tous types étaient significativement différentes de celles trouvées da...

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Site Characteristics and Plant Community Development Following Partial Gravel Removal in an Arctic Oilfield

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Designing seed mixtures for restoration on alpine soils: who should your neighbours be?

Designing seed mixtures for restoration on alpine soils: who should your neighbours be?

Assessing restoration success by predicting time to recovery—But by which metric?

Recovery of Tundra Vegetation Three Decades after Hydrocarbon Drilling with and without Seeding of Non-Native Grasses + Supplementary Appendices (See Article Tools)

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