Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Addition of heparin binding sites strongly increases the bone forming capabilities of BMP9 in vivo

“…Detailed protocols for BMPs expression, inclusion body extraction and protein purification are detailed described in Refs. [ 13 , 32 ].…”

“…This causes the necessity to use higher doses to compensate for the loss of the released protein which, due to diffusion, is no longer available at the implantation site. Another strategy involves the modification of the growth factor (i.e., BMP2) to ensure a more stable and specific connection to the used scaffold material, such as the insertion of specific binding motifs or affinity tags at the N-terminus of BMP2 that has shown maintained bioactivity of the immobilized protein in vitro [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ].…”