Site-matched assessment of structural and tissue properties of cortical bone using scanning acoustic microscopy and synchrotron radiation μCT

Abstract

200 MHz scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and synchrotron radiation muCT (SR-muCT) were used to assess microstructural parameters and tissue properties in site-matched regions of interest in cortical bone. Anterior and postero-lateral regions of ten cross sections from human cortical radius were explored. Structural parameters, including diameter and number of Haversian canals per cortical area (Ca.Dm, N.Ca/Ar) and porosity Po were assessed with both methods using a custom-developed image fusion and analysis software. Acoustic impedance Z and degree of mineralization of bone DMB were extracted separately for osteonal and interstitial tissues from the fused images. Structural parameter estimations obtained from radiographic and acoustic images were almost identical. DMB and impedance values were in the range between 0.77 and 1.28 g cm(-3) and 5.13 and 12.1 Mrayl, respectively. Interindividual and regional variations were observed, whereas the strongest difference was found between osteonal and interstitial tissues (Z: 7.2 +/- 1.1 Mrayl versus 9.3 +/- 1.0 Mrayl, DMB: 1.06 +/- 0.07 g cm(-3) versus 1.16 +/- 0.05 g cm(-3), paired t-test, p < 0.05). Weak, but significant correlations between DMB and Z were obtained for the osteonal (R(2) = 0.174, p < 10(-4)) and for the pooled (osteonal and interstitial) data. The regression of the pooled osteonal and interstitial tissue data follows a second-order polynomial (R(2) = 0.39, p < 10(-4)). Both modalities fulfil the requirement for a simultaneous evaluation of cortical bone microstructure and material properties at the tissue level. While SAM inspection is limited to the evaluation of carefully prepared sample surfaces, SR-muCT provides volumetric information on the tissue without substantial preparation requirements. However, SAM provides a quantitative estimate of elastic properties at the tissue level that cannot be captured by SR-muCT.

Quantitative ultrasound biomicroscopy for the analysis of healthy and repair cartilage tissue

“…A custom scanning acoustic microscope SAM200Ex (Q-BAM, Halle, Germany) was used for the ultrasonic evaluation (Raum et al, 2006;Leicht et al, 2008; Cartilage surface reflection amplitude (first peak), the depth-dependent decrease of the backscatter amplitude and the cartilagebone reflection amplitude (last peak) were used for quantitative evaluation of ultrasound parameters IRC, AIB slope and AIB dC .…”

“…Currently established clinical MRI provides comprehensive information of the entire joint, including cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial membrane (Gold et al, 2009). Recently, a dedicated experimental highresolution MRI with a voxel size of 51 x 51 x 94 μm has been reported (Rengle et al, 2009). While multi-echo techniques, e.g.…”

Structural analysis of cortical porosity applied to HR-pQCT data

“…17,19,[23][24][25] Early efforts to create 3D representations of cortical porosity networks grew out of the realization that these networks are complex and difficult to interpret in two dimensions. Threedimensional reconstructions of serial sections led to a new understanding of the branching patterns and remodeling processes of the cortex.…”

Comparative investigation of elastic properties in a trabecula using micro-Brillouin scattering and scanning acoustic microscopy

“…These values were similar to the reported acoustic impedance of the cortical bone. 18 The rectangle area in the Fig. 1(b) shows the trabecula measured by the l-BR scattering method.…”