Site-selective measurement of relaxation properties at 980 nm in Er $$^{3+}$$ 3 + -doped congruent and stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals

Saturation Spectroscopic Studies on Yb3+ and Er3+ Ions in Li6Y(BO3)3 Single Crystals

“…For comparison, the T 1 and T 2 parameters measured on Yb 3+ -and Er 3+ -doped LiNbO 3 [28,29] and Yb 3+ -doped Y 2 SiO 5 crystals [34] are collected in Table 2.…”

“…A detailed description of the spectral hole burning procedure carried out by using sequential pump and probe pulses derived from a single laser beam passing through lithium niobate crystals can be found, e.g., in our previous papers [28,29]. The RE ions can be considered as effective two-level systems, where the laser-induced transition between the ground and excited states can be considered as a dipole transition.…”

Rare-Earth Ion Loss of Er- or Yb-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals Due to Mechanical Destructive Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling

“…From investigating the change in the RE absorption bands in the LN, we can infer a change in lattice structure. For this end, absorption spectra corresponding to the 2 F 7/2 −→ 2 F 5/2 of the Yb 3+ ion [36] and the 4 I 15/2 −→ 4 I 11/2 transition of the Er 3+ ion [37] were recorded at 9 K for each sample (Figure 4). Two peaks appeared in all spectra of Yb-LN samples, one for the 2 F 7/2 −→ 2 F 5/2 transition of the Yb 3+ ion, surrounded by undamaged LN crystal structure at 10,200 cm −1 , and another broad band right next to it at about 10,240 cm −1 .…”