Site-selective symmetries of Eu³⁺-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics: a structural elucidation by optical spectroscopy

Abstract

By means of optical spectroscopy, our study gives a plausible elucidation of Eu3+ site occupation in micron-sized BaTiO3 particles.

Multireference Ab Initio Investigation on Ground and Low-Lying Excited States: Systematic Evaluation of J–J Mixing in a Eu3+ Luminescent Complex

“…6,7 Some 5 D 0 → 7 F J electronic transitions are very sensitive to the local environment surrounding the ion; therefore, Eu 3+ can be used as a spectroscopic probe for investigating structural properties of the material in which it is embedded. 8,9 This characteristic results in the extensive use of this ion to determine the local symmetry of an ion site, 10,11 to test the crystal defects, to evaluate the crystal field strength, 12 and to rationalize the thermal treatment effects on oxides. 13 Literature highlights the importance of accurate determination of the electronic states of the Eu 3+ ; hence, the development of new methods and the nonstandard application of the existent theoretical tools to correctly include the not always negligible effects of the ligand field on 4f states are the new frontier in the ab initio treatment of this ion.…”

“…They are a fundamental element in light-emitting diodes, displays, lasers, telecommunications, sensors, molecular thermometers, lighting systems, and biological immunoassays and imaging. − Among lanthanides, the Eu 3+ ion has had an increasingly relevant role as a luminescent activator in different classes of materials due to its high efficiency as a red light emitter . Moreover, its energy level structure is relatively simple, and the ground ( 7 F 0 ) and the emitting ( 5 D 0 ) states are not degenerate; hence, it is possible to monitor Eu 3+ emission and excitation transitions also in a host lattice. , Some 5 D 0 → 7 F J electronic transitions are very sensitive to the local environment surrounding the ion; therefore, Eu 3+ can be used as a spectroscopic probe for investigating structural properties of the material in which it is embedded. , This characteristic results in the extensive use of this ion to determine the local symmetry of an ion site, , to test the crystal defects, to evaluate the crystal field strength, and to rationalize the thermal treatment effects on oxides . Literature highlights the importance of accurate determination of the electronic states of the Eu 3+ ; hence, the development of new methods and the nonstandard application of the existent theoretical tools to correctly include the not always negligible effects of the ligand field on 4f states are the new frontier in the ab initio treatment of this ion.…”

The pH-dependent reactions in the sonochemical synthesis of luminescent fluorides: The quest for the formation of KY3F10 crystal phases

“…In the literature, it is well known that the short-range JO parameter ( ) provides information about the polarizability and crystal environment of Eu 3+ in the lattice, whereas the long-range JO parameter ( ) is sensitive to macroscopic properties of the hosts such as viscosity and rigidity [46] . A direct relation between and the asymmetry ratio can be established [47] . Hence, larger values of point to stronger polarizability and higher asymmetry of Eu 3+ ions in the crystal lattice [48] , [49] .…”

Unravelling the Origin of Ultra‐Low Conductivity in SrTiO3 Thin Films: Sr Vacancies and Ti on A‐Sites Cause Fermi Level Pinning

“…In literature, a redistribution of Mn to A-sites was experimentally found [8,81,[88][89][90] and changes in the site occupation were also suggested for Cr, [10] Er, [11] and Rh. [13,14] Moreover, such changes in site occupation are discussed in other perovskite type titanates, for example, Mg, [91] Eu, [91,92] or Y [93] in BaTiO 3 , Mn [94] in CaTiO 3 , and Al [95] in (Na,Bi)TiO 3 . Also our XSW measurements reported above indicated significant amounts of Fe on the A-site.…”