Site‐Specific Nitrogen and Plant Density Management in Irrigated Maize

Jiang, Ping; Ferguson, Richard B.; Dobermann, A.

doi:10.2134/agronj2007.0174

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This study, as well as others (Timsina et al, 2010; Ping et al, 2008; Grassini et al, 2011), has found the Hybrid‐Maize model to be robust in estimating maize yield potential across a wide range of environments. Attainable yields at the validation sites were site specific and influenced by climate, agronomic management, and water supply.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Maize‐N: A Decision Tool for Nitrogen Management in Maize

et al. 2011

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Optimizing N fertilizer use in maize production is critical for maximizing profi t and reducing N losses and associated negative environmental impacts. Th at an optimal solution is possible can be inferred from studies that have evaluated crop yield response and N losses across a wide range of N application rates. For example, Broadbent and Carlton (1978) found that NO 3 leaching from irrigated maize was small when the rate of applied N fertilizer did not exceed requirements for 90% of maximum grain yield. Similarly, in a meta-analysis of N 2 O emissions from arable crops, van Groenigen et al. (2010) concluded that yield-scaled emissions were constant until N fertilizer inputs exceeded N uptake by the aboveground biomass. Th e EONR is the N rate at which no further increase in net return occurs, and this point on the response curve occurs well below maximum yield levels at grain and N fertilizer prices typical of the past 40 yr (Dobermann et al., 2011).In practice, the EONR is diffi cult to predict before planting because the actual shape of the yield response to applied N varies fi eld to fi eld, and year to year due to in-season weather and crop management operations that infl uence the N supply-crop N demand balance. Th e EONR can be estimated by (i) the amount of N the crop obtains from the indigenous N supply (including N mineralization from organic matter, wet-dry deposition, and in irrigated systems, the NO 3 -N applied with irrigation), (ii) the shape of the N response function relating yield to the rate of N application, and (iii) prices for N fertilizer and maize grain. Th e shape of the yield response is determined by the yield potential when the crop is no longer limited by N (which defi nes the maximum attainable yield level), the agronomic fertilizer effi ciency (AE, Δyield/Δapplied N), which in turn is determined by the effi ciency of N uptake from the applied N (the recovery effi ciency, RE) and the effi ciency with which the acquired N is converted to grain yield (the physiological effi ciency, PE) (Novoa and Loomis, 1981).Despite the dynamic nature of the crop N response, extension programs in most U.S. Corn Belt states have established N fertilizer recommendations based on algorithms derived from regional fi eld tests that do not directly account for fertilizer N use effi ciency (Dobermann et al., 2006a). While such approaches can perform well in the region where they were developed, they may not be robust in other regions with diff erent soils, climate, and crop rotations. Given the limitations of regional calibration and the high degree of temporal and spatial variability in factors aff ecting crop response to applied N, new approaches that are responsive to this variability are under development.One approach is to apply N in response to conditions during the growing season, such as in-season adjustment of the N application rate in relation to leaf or canopy N status using sensor technologies (Kitchen et al., 2010;Olfs et al., 2005) or a chlorophyll meter (Scharf et al., 2006). In-season adj...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Maize‐N: A Decision Tool for Nitrogen Management in Maize

et al. 2011

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“…It has been reported that corn is more responsive to N fertilization in clayey soils. For instance, Ping et al (2008) found that corn needed less N fertilizer in sandy soils than in clayey soils. Shahandeh et al (2011) showed that a higher soil N supply was associated with lower clay content, and lower N supply with higher clay content, probably because of lower N mineralization in clayey soils (Ros et al, 2011; Zhu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn Response to Nitrogen is Influenced by Soil Texture and Weather

et al. 2012

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Soil properties and weather conditions are known to affect soil N availability and plant N uptake; however, studies examining N response as affected by soil and weather sometimes give conflicting results. Meta‐analysis is a statistical method for estimating treatment effects in a series of experiments to explain the sources of heterogeneity. In this study, the technique was used to examine the influence of soil and weather parameters on N response of corn (Zea mays L.) across 51 studies involving the same N rate treatments that were performed in a diversity of North American locations between 2006 and 2009. Results showed that corn response to added N was significantly greater in fine‐textured soils than in medium‐textured soils. Abundant and well‐distributed rainfall and, to a lesser extent, accumulated corn heat units enhanced N response. Corn yields increased by a factor of 1.6 (over the unfertilized control) in medium‐textured soils and 2.7 in fine‐textured soils at high N rates. Subgroup analyses were performed on the fine‐textured soil class based on weather parameters. Rainfall patterns had an important effect on N response in this soil texture class, with yields being increased 4.5‐fold by in‐season N fertilization under conditions of “abundant and well‐distributed rainfall.” These findings could be useful for developing N fertilization algorithms that would prescribe N application at optimal rates taking into account rainfall pattern and soil texture, which would lead to improved crop profitability and reduced environmental impacts.

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“…These practices may include investment in high‐yielding cultivars with stress tolerance, use of better soil and crop management technologies, and implementation of practices learned through extension education. In addition, mandatory regulation of excessive N or P use by both the public and the private sector to increase nutrient use efficiency may also be implemented as has been done in many developed countries (Cassman et al, 2002; International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2007; Ping et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an Optimized Nutrient Management System for Double‐Cropped Wheat‐Maize Rotations in North‐Central China

et al. 2009

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Overapplication of N and P and insuffi cient supply of K are considered primary reasons for restriction of yield improvement in the North China Plain. Optimized nutrient management practices based on soil testing and yield targets have been developed. Other large scale fi eld experiments have indicated that additional improvement for yield and nutrient use benefi ts is needed. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate the eff ects of the optimized nutrient management system on yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient utilization, and profi t in the North China provinces of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan. Treatments consisted of a check without fertilizer use (CK); a balanced, optimum nutrient application (OPT); the farmers' practice (FP); and a series of nutrient omission treatments (minus N, P, and K, respectively). Th e results indicated that the OPT optimized grain yield, nutrient use effi ciency, and profi tability. Maize (Zea mays L.) yield increased by 12.2% at Shanxi and 18.5% at Hebei, respectively. Inputs of N and P across the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize system at the four sites was reduced by 13% (266 kg N ha −1 ) and 45% (430 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ), while K input was increased by 43% (265 kg K 2 O ha −1 ). Th e OPT improved both measurements of nitrogen use effi ciency (NUE); agronomic nitrogen effi ciency (AE N ) and nitrogen recovery effi ciency (RE N ) in the majority of cases. Although the OPT tested in this study increased yields and nutrient uptake, there remains considerable potential to improve AE N and RE N further for this intensive winter wheat-summer maize rotation system.

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Site‐Specific Nitrogen and Plant Density Management in Irrigated Maize

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Maize‐N: A Decision Tool for Nitrogen Management in Maize

Maize‐N: A Decision Tool for Nitrogen Management in Maize

Corn Response to Nitrogen is Influenced by Soil Texture and Weather

Performance of an Optimized Nutrient Management System for Double‐Cropped Wheat‐Maize Rotations in North‐Central China

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