Sitting balance and effects of kayak training in paraplegics

Григоренко, А. П.; Bjerkefors, Anna; Rosdahl, Hans; Hultling, Claes; Alm, Marie; Thorstensson, Alf

doi:10.1080/16501970310020401

Cited by 29 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previous studies 17 analysing the median frequency of the acceleration of the CoP show that it is lower in paraplegics than in CG, as it is seen in our results. However, there are no published studies presenting data energy in the three different bands of the spectrum of the CoP displacements 13 in persons with paraplegia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Sitting balance and limits of stability in persons with paraplegia

et al. 2012

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Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study of paraplegic and able-bodied persons. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse the temporal and frequency domains of seated balance to better understand nervous system control in equilibrium in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to explore their centre of pressure (CoP) limits before experiencing a fall. Setting: University of Valencia, Spain. Methods: Static and dynamic seated balance were assessed in 24 paraplegic persons divided into two groups: low paraplegia group (LP) and high paraplegia group (HP), and 24 healthy volunteers with an extensiometric force plate. Two types of tests were performed: a static test (ST), where data signal was analysed by temporal and frequency domains, and a stability limit test (SLT), where different stability limits were calculated. Results: The paraplegic group revealed lower static postural control in both domains in most of the parameters analysed compared with the control group (CG). Similar results were obtained with regard to the SLT, showing differences in the three parameters analysed between the CG and SCI groups. Conclusion: Posturographic assessment in ST was useful to explore nervous system control in equilibrium in this population, presenting a decreased balance in paraplegic groups and an altered pattern in the sensorial and cerebellum bands compared with able-bodied individuals. Furthermore, SLT indicated less movement control of the CoP in paraplegic groups, which may influence the performance of their daily activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Sitting balance and limits of stability in persons with paraplegia

et al. 2012

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“…After reading the 40 papers (LV: PhD student and ET: MSc in Human Movement Science; both experienced in physical therapy research methods), 15 training studies were excluded for the following reasons: other outcome measures, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] mixed population, 24,25 the population was not described properly, 26 training of both arms and legs 27 or -as was the case in two papers -the results were already published in other included papers. 28,29 The 25 included studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

et al. 2007

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Objective: To describe the effects of upper body training on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury. Data sources: The databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Sport Discus and Cochrane were searched from 1970 to May 2006. Review methods: The keywords 'spinal cord injury', 'paraplegia', 'tetraplegia' and 'quadriplegia' were used in combination with 'training'. The methodological quality of the included articles (both randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials) was assessed with the modified 'van Tulder et al.' checklist. Studies were described with respect to population, test design, training protocol and mode of training. The training effects on physical capacity, reflected by peak power output (PO peak ) and oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), were summarized. Results: Twenty-five studies were included with a mean score of 8.8 out of 17 items on the quality checklist. The methodological quality was quite low, mostly because of the absence of randomized controlled trials. Therefore no metaanalysis was possible. In the 14 articles of acceptable quality the mean (SD) increase in VO 2peak and PO peak, following a period of training, was 17.6 (11.2)% and 26.1 (15.6)%, respectively. Conclusions: Due to the overall low quality of studies it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions on training effects for different lesion groups or training modes. The results of the relatively few studies with an acceptable quality seem to support the view that upper body exercise may increase the physical capacity of people with spinal cord injury. The magnitude of improvement in PO peak and VO 2peak , however, varies considerably among studies.

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“…Among these, the ones that use force platforms and electromyography to register changes in the center of gravity and muscle activation patterns are noteworthy. 7,8 Although these measurements provide precise and quantitative data, their use in clinical practice is limited because of time constraints, equipment cost and the need for experience in use and interpretation. Clinical tests have the advantage of being able to be conducted in practically any situation and in every patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal and validation of a clinical trunk control test in individuals with spinal cord injury

et al. 2014

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Study design: One of the problems that arise in spinal cord injury (SCI) is alteration in trunk control. Despite the need for standardized scales, these do not exist for evaluating trunk control in SCI. Objective: To propose and validate a trunk control test in individuals with SCI. Setting: National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico. Methods: The test was developed and later evaluated for reliability and criteria, content, and construct validity. Results: We carried out 531 tests on 177 patients and found high inter-and intra-rater reliability. In terms of criterion validity, analysis of variance demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the test score of patients with adequate or inadequate trunk control according to the assessment of a group of experts. A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for optimizing the instrument's cutoff point, which was determined at 13 points, with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 92.2%. With regard to construct validity, the correlation between the proposed test and the spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) was 0.873 (P ¼ 0.001) and that with the evolution time was 0.437 (P ¼ 0.001). For testing the hypothesis with qualitative variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, which resulted in a statistically significant difference between the scores in the proposed scale of each group defined by these variables. Conclusion: It was proven experimentally that the proposed trunk control test is valid and reliable. Furthermore, the test can be used for all patients with SCI despite the type and level of injury.

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Sitting balance and effects of kayak training in paraplegics

Abstract: The results indicate that individuals with spinal cord injury may have acquired and consolidated an alternative strategy for balance control in quiet sitting allowing for only limited further adaptation even with such a vigorous training stimulus as kayaking.

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Sitting balance and limits of stability in persons with paraplegia

Sitting balance and limits of stability in persons with paraplegia

The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Proposal and validation of a clinical trunk control test in individuals with spinal cord injury

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