Sitting/lying time is associated with waist‐to‐hip increase but not with body weight increase or blood cardiovascular risk factors changes in adult women living in social vulnerability: A 2‐year longitudinal study

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to determine whether physical activity and energy intake are associated with the anthropometric and blood cardiovascular risk factors alterations in women living in social vulnerability for a period of 2 years. Methods:The study was carried out with women residing in the outskirts of Maceió-AL, aged between 19 and 45 years. We characterized the socioeconomic and biochemical profile (glucose, insulin, and blood lipids) at the beginning and at the end of the study. Anthropometric evaluation was performed in three moments: at the beginning, and after 1 and 2 years of follow-up. Energy expenditure, measured by doubly labeled water, physical activity, measured by 7-day triaxial accelerometry, and energy intake, measured by 3-day 24-hour food recall, were collected at baseline. Results: After 2 years, 34 women were completely assessed, with a mean age of 33.7 years. Women spent around 16 hours of the day sitting/lying down.There was an increase in body weight (from 64.61 ± 11.69 to 66.37 ± 13.26 kg, P < .01), which was not associated with any of the predictors. There was also an increase in waist/hip ratio (WHR) (from 0.84 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.05, P < .01), which was positively associated with the amount of sitting/lying time per day. There were no significant alterations in blood cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Energy intake did not predict anthropometrical changes. Sitting/ lying time was associated with an increase in WHR, but not in body weight or blood cardiovascular risk factors in low-income women.

Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

“…Fujii et al, 2021 investigated the clinical effect of sedentary behavior on chronic kidney disease and showed that sedentary behavior was a significant predictor of the incidence of proteinuria in men [ 42 ]. Of the remaining six studies, three showed that sedentary behavior was not associated with HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and serum insulin [ 30 , 32 , 43 ]. Two studies showed no association between different sedentary behaviors (e.g., television viewing, computer use, and driving) and self-reported prevalence of hypertension [ 31 , 52 ].…”

“…The longitudinal studies conducted by Staiano et al, 2018 and Silva et al, 2019 found that there was no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators when it was measured by X-ray and ultrasound scanners [ 12 , 37 ]. Conversely, van de Laar et al, 2014 and Vieira et al, 2020 identified a significant longitudinal association between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, which was measured using simple tools (tape measure, electronic scales) [ 29 , 43 ]. The findings imply that future studies need to distinguish the different dimensions of adiposity indicators and use standardized measures to assess the relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators.…”