Situation analysis of community pharmacy owners in Lebanon

Hallit, Souheil; Zeenny, Rony M.; Sili, Georges; Salameh, Pascale

doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2017.01.853

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, recent findings showed that pharmacists don’t have enough time to counsel patients because of the decreased number of staff and the financial situation of community pharmacists in Lebanon. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of pharmacists and parents towards antibiotic use in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Zahreddine¹,

Hallit²,

Shakaroun³

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Objectives:to assess the knowledge of both parents and community pharmacists regarding antibiotics use and resistance in pediatrics in Lebanon.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2017 in community pharmacies. A pre-established questionnaire targeting knowledge of parents and pharmacists regarding antibiotics use/misuse was carried out. An index of knowledge was computed to assess factors associated with good knowledge on antibiotics use/misuse.Results:The study showed that 28.7% of pharmacists did not know which factors may contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Concerning the misuse of antibiotics, pharmacists blamed at first parents (90.1%), at second level physicians (72.8%), and third themselves (59.4%). Furthermore, pharmacists believed that the socioeconomic problems of the country (86.1%), the level of resistance to the molecule of choice (80.8%), the lack of consultation time (71.2%) and the lack of national guidelines/recommendations (66.3%) might be additional factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. In case of acute otitis media, the majority of pharmacists chose the correct treatment, dose and duration according to international guidelines; this was in contrast to the results obtained in case of pharyngitis. Female pharmacists had a significantly higher knowledge score compared to their male counterparts (ORa=2.51). Half of parents (42.6%) declared that antibiotics act against both viruses and bacteria, 55.9% still believe that the presence of fever requires the administration of antibiotics, 50% didn’t know the consequences of antibiotics misuse, 58.4% said that it is okay to give their child antibiotics without a physician’s advice or based on a pharmacist’s recommendation, and 66.7% trusted the pharmacist in the antibiotic prescription. Parents with a university level of education or a master’s degree had significantly better knowledge compared to illiterate ones (ORa=9.04 and ORa=16.46, respectively).Conclusions:Based on the results obtained, it would be necessary to implement educational campaigns in order to increase awareness on antibiotics misuse and resistance in pediatrics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of pharmacists and parents towards antibiotic use in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Zahreddine¹,

Hallit²,

Shakaroun³

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…Despite the rigorous laws and regulations governing the pharmacy profession (medications only sold in pharmacies even non‐prescription ones, no advertisement allowed to both prescription and non‐prescription medications), thus theoretically preserving it from declining, the increasing numbers of pharmacy graduates seem to be the greatest threat of demise. While the number of pharmacists is increasing with respect to the rise in the population size, community pharmacists’ financial situation and related occupational satisfaction are degrading over time . This might be anticipated due to the increased competition and decreased quality of pharmaceutical care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting the future size of the Lebanese pharmacy workforce: forecasts until the year 2050

Hallit

Sacre²,

Hajj

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Background Despite the rigorous regulations governing the pharmacy profession in Lebanon, the increasing numbers of pharmacy graduates seem to be the greatest threat of demise. No forecast is available to assess the long‐term projections of pharmacists supply. Objective The objective of this manuscript is to project the future size of the Lebanese pharmacy workforce till 2050 and discuss their potential consequences on the labour market. Methods This study was carried out in collaboration with the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists (OPL), where official numbers were retrieved from the registered pharmacists’ database from 2006 to 2017. The data were analyzed as time series using the Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. Projected numbers were plotted using Microsoft Excel office. Results The ratio of pharmacists to 10 000 inhabitants up till the end of 2017 was estimated at 17.52, compared with a worldwide mean of 5.09, with a continuous increase seen with the coming years, possibly reaching an estimated 41.17 pharmacists per 10 000 inhabitants by the year 2050. The total number of pharmacies increased from 1546 in 2006 up to 3174 at the end of 2017 nationwide, with a major increase seen in Bekaa (206.35%) and South Lebanon (171.08%) governorates, respectively. Conclusion Our study shows that the dramatic increase in pharmacy graduates will worsen with time. To curb it, it is important to vote and apply new laws, and initiate a collaborative work between academia, professional associations, and employers from all sectors to find innovative solutions.

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“…Community pharmacists are at the core of patient's education, especially education related to chronic diseases; they play an essential role in counseling, disease prevention, and management [20]. As the first place people visit for health consultation, the community pharmacy in Lebanon is the primary opportunity for COPD prevention and management; in fact, 90% of Lebanese pharmacists agreed that patients come to them first for counseling [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hallit¹,

Zeidan²,

Saade³

et al. 2020

JEGH

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Inclusion of a pharmacist showed that pharmacy-led patient education can positively impact treatment outcome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knowledge, medication adherence, quality of life, significant reduction in hospital admission rates, and emergency department visits. The objectives were to assess the degree of COPD knowledge in Lebanese community pharmacists as well as their attitudes and practice toward disease management. Between January and May 2018, a cross-sectional survey enrolled 709 Lebanese community pharmacists. A committee was created to build up the questionnaire; it was composed of two physicians (one infectious disease specialist and one pulmonologist) and eight pharmacists, with long expertise in community and hospital pharmacy. It comprised 12 questions assessing knowledge, 12 questions for attitude, and 13 questions for practice. Higher attitude (b = 0.56) and higher practice (b = 0.41) were associated with higher knowledge score. Higher knowledge (b = 0.10) and practice (b = 0.16) scores as well as female gender (b = 0.60) were significantly associated with higher attitude scores. Higher knowledge (b = 0.13) and higher attitude (b = 0.19) showed significant association with higher practice scores. Female gender (b = −0.94), however, was significantly associated with decreased practice score. Our study highlights the importance of assessing the capabilities of pharmacists of achieving their support role in COPD patients. In order to improve community pharmacists' knowledge of COPD, ultimately improving patient outcomes, further education is crucial.

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Situation analysis of community pharmacy owners in Lebanon

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Knowledge of pharmacists and parents towards antibiotic use in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Knowledge of pharmacists and parents towards antibiotic use in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Projecting the future size of the Lebanese pharmacy workforce: forecasts until the year 2050

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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