Situation Assessment—An Essential Functionality for Resilient Navigation Systems

Engler, Evelin; Baldauf, Michael; Banyś, Paweł; Heymann, Frank; Gucma, M.; Torres, Frank Sill

doi:10.3390/jmse8010017

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For the proposed FSM model [1,2], a gap is identified in relation to the representation and illustration of monitoring functions as supplementary services for situation assessment and situation-based adjustment. This gap has to be closed, e.g., by using multi-layer FSM models [35,36]. The same applies to the processes of infrastructure preparedness to manage and perform maintenance and recovery activities, to control unavoidable degradations, as well as to avoid or limit damages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite State Machine Modelling to Facilitate the Resilience of Infrastructures: Reflections

Engler¹,

Baldauf

Torres

et al. 2020

Infrastructures

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The ability of an infrastructure to be resistant against hazards or to accommodate and recover from hazard-induced destructions and disturbances is characterized as resilience. Usually, infrastructures are engineered socio-technical systems or systems-of-systems. Jackson and Ferris consider the use of finite state machine (FSM) modelling as a suitable means to depict and investigate the resilience of such engineered systems. This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of the FSM model proposed by Jackson and Ferris and if it should be used for the representation and evaluation of the resilience of an infrastructure. The discussion is conducted on a more general level. However, special attention is paid to monitoring because, on the one hand, monitoring is one of the cornerstones of resilience and, on the other hand, Scott and Ferris define a state that is emphasized by an increased level of situational awareness as a result of happened and perceived events. Consequently, the question has to be answered of how the models are able to reflect the need for routine monitoring of the resilience of infrastructures in order to initiate, if necessary, adjustment procedures as an appropriate response to changes in internal and external conditions. The results of this theoretical study are a fundamental step towards the practical application of the FSM approach for the design of resilient infrastructures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite State Machine Modelling to Facilitate the Resilience of Infrastructures: Reflections

Engler¹,

Baldauf

Torres

et al. 2020

Infrastructures

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“…The results are illustrated in Figure 7. According to the results, among the surveyed studies, energy systems (e.g., [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]), transportation networks (e.g., [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]), and water supply networks (e.g., [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]) have the highest frequency as case studies, among other fields. Meanwhile, health care infrastructures [79,80], industrial processes [81][82][83], supply chain [84], mining sector…”

Section: In What Type Of Technological Ciss Has the Concept Of Resilience Been Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) described resilience as the "system's ability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and rapidly recover from a potentially disruptive event" [15,117,118]. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) defined resilience as the "ability of the system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions" [60,117,119,120]. As said, European project IMPROVER also proposed a definition of resilience.…”

Section: How Is the Term "Resilience" Defined In The Discipline Of Technological Ciss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Risk management is a fundamental approach to improving critical infrastructure systems’ safety against disruptive events. This approach focuses on designing robust critical infrastructure systems (CISs) that could resist disruptive events by minimizing the possible events’ probability and consequences using preventive and protective programs. However, recent disasters like COVID-19 have shown that most CISs cannot stand against all potential disruptions. Recently there is a transition from robust design to resilience design of CISs, increasing the focus on preparedness, response, and recovery. Resilient CISs withstand most of the internal and external shocks, and if they fail, they can bounce back to the operational phase as soon as possible using minimum resources. Moreover, in resilient CISs, early warning enables managers to get timely information about the proximity and development of distributions. An understanding of the concept of resilience, its influential factors, and available evaluation and analyzing tools are required to have effective resilience management. Moreover, it is important to highlight the current gaps. Technological resilience is a new concept associated with some ambiguity around its definition, its terms, and its applications. Hence, using the concept of resilience without understanding these variations may lead to ineffective pre- and post-disruption planning. A well-established systematic literature review can provide a deep understanding regarding the concept of resilience, its limitation, and applications. The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to study the current research around technological CISs’ resilience. In the review, 192 primary studies published between 2003 and 2020 are reviewed. Based on the results, the concept of resilience has gradually found its place among researchers since 2003, and the number of related studies has grown significantly. It emerges from the review that a CIS can be considered as resilient if it has (i) the ability to imagine what to expect, (ii) the ability to protect and resist a disruption, (iii) the ability to absorb the adverse effects of disruption, (iv) the ability to adapt to new conditions and changes caused by disruption, and (v) the ability to recover the CIS’s normal performance level after a disruption. It was shown that robustness is the most frequent resilience contributing factor among the reviewed primary studies. Resilience analysis approaches can be classified into four main groups: empirical, simulation, index-based, and qualitative approaches. Simulation approaches, as dominant models, mostly study real case studies, while empirical methods, specifically those that are deterministic, are built based on many assumptions that are difficult to justify in many cases.

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“…A number of capabilities need to be available in order to maximize the resilience properties and enable infrastructures to loop through the resilience cycle repeatedly and handle disruptions successfully: R1) for anticipation, tools are required that are able to forecast future environmental influences and infrastructure behavior; R2) for monitoring, the timely delivery of highly-resolved environmental data and its interpretation is needed, i. e., anomaly detection and situation awareness [27]; R3) for response, a tight coupling of the information gained through situation awareness and the tools providing decision support is required; R4) for learning, feedback tools are needed, that allow to analyze the impact of disruptions and selected counter measures on the system performance indicators and enable the automated comparison of various courses of action.…”

Section: Infrastructure Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research identifying further resilience properties, strategies, capabilities, and the associated technical prerequisites is ongoing, as the concept of resilience, its application, and management are continuously discussed and refined [27].…”

Section: Infrastructure Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience

Brucherseifer¹,

Winter²,

Mentges³

et al. 2021

At - Automatisierungstechnik

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Critical infrastructures are the backbone of our societies with increasingly complex and networked characteristics and high availability demands. This makes them vulnerable to a wide range of threats that can lead to major incidents. Resilience is a concept that describes a system’s ability to absorb and respond to disturbances, as well as to learn from the past and anticipate new threats. In this article, we apply the Digital Twin concept to the infrastructure domain to improve the system’s resilience capabilities. We conduct a comprehensive requirements analysis related to infrastructure characteristics, crisis management and resilience measures. As a result, we propose a Digital Twin Conceptual Framework for critical infrastructures. We conclude that the Digital Twin paradigm is well suited to enhance critical infrastructure resilience.

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Situation Assessment—An Essential Functionality for Resilient Navigation Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Finite State Machine Modelling to Facilitate the Resilience of Infrastructures: Reflections

Finite State Machine Modelling to Facilitate the Resilience of Infrastructures: Reflections

The Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience

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