Situation Awareness and the Cognitive Management of Complex Systems

Adams, Marilyn Jager; Tenney, Yvette J.; Pew, Richard W.

doi:10.4324/9781315087924-4

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Endsley (1990a, 2000) concluded that this result supports a model of cognition in which working memory is an activated subset of long-term memory (Cowan, 1988). This model is consistent with many others, including Durso and Gronlund (1999), Adams, Tenney, and Pew (1995), and Sarter and Woods (1991).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Objective Measures of Situation Awareness: A Comparison of SAGAT and SPAM

2019

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Objective: To examine evidence of sensitivity, predictiveness, and methodological concerns regarding direct, objective measures of situation awareness (SA). Background: The ability to objectively measure SA is important to the evaluation of user interfaces and displays, training programs, and automation initiatives, as well as for studies that seek to better understand SA in both individuals and teams. A number of methodological criticisms have been raised creating significant confusion in the research field. Method: A meta-analysis of 243 studies was conducted to examine evidence of sensitivity and predictiveness, and to address methodological questions regarding Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), Situation Present Assessment Technique (SPAM), and their variants. Results: SAGAT and SPAM were found to be equally predictive of performance. SPAM (64%) and real-time probes (73%) were found to have significantly lower sensitivity in comparison to SAGAT (94%). While SAGAT was found not to be overly memory reliant nor intrusive into operator performance, SPAM resulted in problems with intrusiveness in 40% of the studies examined, as well as problems with speed-accuracy tradeoffs, sampling bias, and confounds with workload. Concerns about memory reliance, the utility of these measures for assessing Team SA, and other issues are also addressed. Conclusion: SAGAT was found to be a highly sensitive, reliable, and predictive measure of SA that is useful across a wide variety of domains and experimental settings. Application: Direct, objective SA measurement provides useful and diagnostic insights for research and design in a wide variety of domains and study objectives.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Objective Measures of Situation Awareness: A Comparison of SAGAT and SPAM

2019

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“…Wickens (2002) argues that in the context of aviation, the three components of SA are spatial awareness, task awareness and system awareness. The importance of awareness of the system has been mentioned by Adams et al (1995) in relation to a growing concern of complex systems taking the operator partly “out of the loop”. The maritime domain has similarities with aviation, and several of the conditions and restraints are coincident (Hareide and Ostnes, 2017a).…”

Section: Situational Awareness For the Modern Navigatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Navigator Competence by Demonstrating Maritime Cyber Security

et al. 2018

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As technology continues to develop, information and communication technology and operational technology on board ships are increasingly being networked, and more frequently connected to the Internet. The introduction of cyber systems changes the work environment with the aim of decreasing the workload for the navigator, but at the same time introduces more complexity and vulnerabilities that in turn may alter the competencies needed to perform safe and efficient navigation. Contemporary examples of how cyber-attacks can distort situational awareness and interfere with operations are needed to enhance the navigator's competence through increased system awareness. This paper demonstrates some of the possible attack vectors that a cyber-attack can present to a ship, as well as discussing the plausibility and consequences of such attacks. In this study we provide a practical example to better understand how one can demystify cyber threats in order to enhance the navigators' competence.

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“…This definition appears to have stood the test of time, and it is also expressed in similar terms by other authors. SA is also defined as "up-to-the-minute cognizance required operating or maintaining a system" (Adams et al 1995). In other words, SA is the ability to successfully pay attention to, and monitor, the environment and essentially 'think ahead', in order to evaluate the risk of an accident occurring.…”

Section: Situational Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety in Marine Operations

Yasseri

Bahai

2018

ijcoe

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Safety in marine operations primarily depends on forward-planning and people being aware of their surroundings and managing the presence of others in the same arena at the same time. Marine operations must contend with challenging environments and hazards that require greater domain awareness; especially when many operators from different organisations are working in the same area. Being aware of what is going on around you in a marine domain, is termed Marine Domain Awareness (MDA), which involves the perception and understanding of environmental factors, their meaning and effects, and foreseeing their likely status and impact in the near future. This paper applies Situational Awareness (SA) concepts to the safety of marine operations and proposes a model for developing an information exchange system to enhance marine operational safety. The proposed model enhances MDA and can help in developing procedures and training programs to promote domain awareness. A framework for the safe marine operation is outlined in this paper.

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Situation Awareness and the Cognitive Management of Complex Systems

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Objective Measures of Situation Awareness: A Comparison of SAGAT and SPAM

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Objective Measures of Situation Awareness: A Comparison of SAGAT and SPAM

Enhancing Navigator Competence by Demonstrating Maritime Cyber Security

Safety in Marine Operations

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