Situation awareness information requirements for maritime navigation: A goal directed task analysis

Sharma, Amit; Nazir, Salman; Ernstsen, Jørgen

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.08.016

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Chauvin et al [19] also enumerate information that to be gathered from Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) for collision avoidance when ships are crossing according to the three AS levels (e.g., speed, course, distance for Level 1 SA, overtaking situation, ship type of target for Level 2 SA and bow or rear crossing range for Level 2 SA). Sharma et al [20] list detailed information (around 80 items) required for navigators on each Level SA during pilotage between the pilot port and berth (e.g., ship status, equipment status, route plan for Level 1SA, a deviation between the current position and planned position for Level 2SA, the projected position of own ship and projected visibility for Level 3 SA). Porathe et al [21] pick up 165 items of information for RO and categorise them into nine groups, such as voyage, sailing and observations.…”

Section: Situation Awareness and Required Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many terminologies and analysis methods are applied depending on the objectives of projects. Sharma et al [20] adopt 'goal-directed task analysis (GDTA)' methodology, which is introduced by Endsley [26] to decide situation awareness requirement information from the goals.…”

Section: Goal-based Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, RSE in the IMO [6] utilises the STCW Convention when considering the competence of RO and crews. Sharma et al [20] also review the competence for OOW in MASS by utilising Table A-II/1 in the STCW Convention.…”

Section: Competence-based Assessment and Training In The Stcw Conventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required information utilised in this case study is partly rearranged from the study by Sharma et al [20]. Based on the results of the interview, the experts discussed in the mini focus group how the bridge navigation items in Table 3 are utilised for acquiring each required information for Level 1 SA, provided the linkage sheet, and agreed on it.…”

Section: Linkage Between Bridge Navigation Items and Required Informamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Regulatory Requirements on the Competence of Remote Operator in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship: Situation Awareness, Ship Sense and Goal-Based Gap Analysis

et al. 2020

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Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) has been developed recently, and demonstration projects have been carried out internationally. Considering the full autonomous level is unlikely to be addressed shortly, remote control centre and Remote Operator (RO) will play a vital role in the MASS system. Although competence of watchkeeping at the ship’s bridge is inevitable for RO to avoid ship accidents caused by human errors, international requirements have not been introduced yet. This paper presents a way to develop the regulatory framework on the competence of RO based on the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) by exploring the concept of Situation Awareness (SA). Goal-Based Gap Analysis (GBGA) is constructed based on the human-behaviour model and the required information for SA. A case study through the mini focus group discussion with interviews by a total of three (3) veteran instructors of training ships is conducted utilising the information including the results of previous demonstration projects on the remote control. The results show the relationship between required information and ship sense, shortage of these factors when RO is operating, additional competence and possible regulatory requirements for RO. The findings support the usefulness of GBGA and pave the way to develop a regulatory framework for RO further.

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Section: Situation Awareness and Required Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goal-based Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competence-based Assessment and Training In The Stcw Conventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linkage Between Bridge Navigation Items and Required Informamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regulatory Requirements on the Competence of Remote Operator in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship: Situation Awareness, Ship Sense and Goal-Based Gap Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Adding to this, the difficulties of inferring the intentions of surrounding ships, adjusting to unpredictable hydrodynamic patterns and time schedules contribute to making navigation a stressful and challenging task (Lee & Sanquist, 2000). Technological innovations in recent decades have eliminated some of the time-intensive, repetitive and error-prone tasks of navigation, but has also introduced a complex layer of mental scaling and transformation exercises that often manifest in stressful situations while navigating (Sharma, Nazir, & Ernstsen, 2019;Woods, Johannesen, Cook, & Sarter, 1994).…”

Section: Maritime Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency in the development of performance assessment methods in the maritime domain

Ernstsen

Nazir

2018

WMU J Marit Affairs

Self Cite

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Maritime navigation involves the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a ship from one position to another. When the ship is approaching or leaving a port, a local navigational expert, the pilot, is often provided for assisting the bridge team to safely and efficiently navigate the littoral waters. However, statistics concerning maritime accidents continues to associate human errors with accidents, which advocates a scrutiny of maritime education and training (MET) for pilotage operations. The pilotage operation is a unique phase of the voyage in which the bridge team has to rely on an external expert with whom they have no prior working experience with. Also, the pilot-bridge team often has to perform immediately, and the consequences of not performing can be calamitous. These aspects suggest a need for dedicated research on how to ensure that bridge teams have the necessary competencies for carrying out safe and efficient pilotage operations. Training and assessment are quintessential instruments for this mission. MET facilities increasingly rely on full-scale simulators for their benefits in training for complex operations. Meanwhile, the assessment of training performance is often based on subjective criteria, which has implications on the reliability and validity of the assessment. Consequently, lacking a reliable and valid assessment method could have repercussions on the educational quality, as well as subsequent developments to the MET facilities' training and education programs. The aim of this research is to understand and to advance performance assessment related to the use of full-scale maritime simulators in MET, with a main objective to reduce the subjective impact that can be present in the performance assessment of pilotage operations. This thesis presents a computer-assisted assessment tool based on a structural probabilistic network, in which the assessment criteria are weighted by using an analytical hierarchical process. This tool is designed for flexibility, so it can easily be Ernstsen: Reducing the subjective impact in performance assessment ___ VI employed across a multitude of pilotage scenarios, and to be less subjective so that it can present more reliable and valid performance information to its stakeholders. The results show that the presented assessment tool can be used for higher reliability in the assessment of technical performance, but that more research is required to assess teamwork performance reliably. The tool's content validity is considered adequate, and that studies over time are required to assess its criterion validity effectively. Regardless, the tool is deemed opportune for generating precise and accurate assessment of training performance and could serve as a steppingstone to objective assessment. Accurate and precise assessment of training performance are imperative for stakeholders that make executive decisions concerning the development of training programs, competency mappings of the workforce, as well as for the trainee to know his or her strengt...

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Development of a SAGAT Query and Simulator Experiment to Measure Situation Awareness in Maritime Navigation

Xue

Batalden

Røds

2020

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Situation awareness information requirements for maritime navigation: A goal directed task analysis

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Regulatory Requirements on the Competence of Remote Operator in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship: Situation Awareness, Ship Sense and Goal-Based Gap Analysis

Regulatory Requirements on the Competence of Remote Operator in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship: Situation Awareness, Ship Sense and Goal-Based Gap Analysis

Consistency in the development of performance assessment methods in the maritime domain

Development of a SAGAT Query and Simulator Experiment to Measure Situation Awareness in Maritime Navigation

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