Situational factors and mechanisms in pathways to violence.

Bowman, Brett; Whitehead, Kevin A.; Raymond, Geoffrey

doi:10.1037/vio0000188

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The unique approach of analyzing body-worn camera recordings of inspector–passenger encounters extends previous work by detailing how specific kinds of actions may influence interpersonal aggression. Behavioral aggression analyses with this level of microdetail are rare in the literature, which tends to rely on retrospective victim accounts (Bowman et al, 2018; Collins, 2008). Such self-reports are known for biases related to memory failure and social desirability issues and for providing a coarse-grained picture of the actions that unfolded and their sequential order within criminal events (Vrij, Hope, & Fisher, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies emphasize the value of examining employee victimizations at the situational level, although it should be noted that the existing research rarely provides detailed insights into the interactional dynamics of how employee actions within the conflict may shape the likelihood of citizen aggression. As such, the work-life victimization literature mirrors the wider field of research on aggression and violence, in which situational studies of interpersonal aggression are much less common than examinations of the individual or institutional background conditions (Bowman, Whitehead, & Raymond, 2018; Collins, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ticket inspectors in action: Body-worn camera analysis of aggressive and nonaggressive passenger encounters.

Friis

Liebst

Philpot

et al. 2020

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: Workplace aggression is a harmful occupational hazard, which has been associated with individual and organizational level risk factors. By comparison, little is known about the face-to-face interactional dynamics that shape employee victimizations. To address this gap, we provide an interactional analysis of how ticket inspector actions are associated with the risk of passenger aggression. Method: Data was a video sample of 123 ticket fining events from public buses recorded by occupational body-worn cameras. We systematically coded the inspector and passenger actions in each fining event. The individual and interactional risk factors associated with passenger aggression were estimated with a logistic regression model. Results: Our empirical analysis suggests that aggressive fining events unfold as "character contests," in which the actions of the inspectors are associated with the aggressive outcome. Conclusions: These findings are in line with situational approaches to violence highlighting that aggressive incidents often develop as an interplay between victim and offender actions. We propose focusing on the behavioral actions of employees for prevention measures of workplace aggression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticket inspectors in action: Body-worn camera analysis of aggressive and nonaggressive passenger encounters.

Friis

Liebst

Philpot

et al. 2020

Psychology of Violence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Within recent years, the situational approach to the study violence has regained traction (Bowman, Whitehead, & Raymond, 2018; Collins, 2008; Lindegaard, Bernasco, & Jacques, 2015). Informed by this development, the bystander research field has received criticism for its overreliance on experimental methods with a low ecological validity to assess the causes and consequences of bystander helping behavior (Philpot et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-national CCTV footage shows low victimization risk for bystander interveners in public conflicts.

Liebst¹,

Philpot²,

Levine³

et al. 2021

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: Accumulating evidence shows that bystanders witnessing public disputes frequently intervene to help. However, little is known regarding the risks entailed for those bystanders who enter the fray to stop conflicts. This study systematically examined the prevalence of bystander victimizations and associated risk factors. Method: Data were a cross-national sample of 93 CCTV video recordings of real-life public disputes, capturing the potential victimizations of 417 intervening and 636 non-intervening bystanders. Results: Data showed that interveners were rarely physically harmed-at a rate of 3.6%-and non-interveners were virtually never victimized. Confirmatory regression results showed that conflict party affiliation was associated with bystander victimization, although only moderately robust. The gender of the intervener was a highly fragile correlate with the outcome. The severity of the conflict at the time of intervention was not found to increase the risk of victimization. Conclusions: Our findings 2 highlight the ecological value of naturalistic observation for bystander research and emphasize the need for evidence-based bystander intervention recommendations. Data, materials, and postprint are available at osf.io/vyutj.

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“…Does the purpose for which violence is wielded (e.g., oppression or liberation) alter how we interpret violence? These questions are complex, and speak to the recent call from Bowman et al (2018) for critical scholarship to not only seek to understand different forms of violence, but to understand them by making connections between them. Certainly, within community psychology, there has been very little work that articulates how different forms of violence interact with and mutually constitute one another (Flynn et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding community violence: A critical realist framework for community psychology

Malherbe

Seedat

Suffla

2021

Journal Community Psychology

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Critical realism can unsettle a number of orthodoxies that surround the study of community violence within community psychology. This is to say, because critical realism is embraced so rarely by community psychologists, it can institute a parallax shift within the discipline, whereby we are granted alternative ways of perceiving violence within community contexts. Drawing on transdisciplinary thought, we offer in this article a retroductive framework for studying community violence. This framework, we argue, can facilitate an understanding of structurally violent causal mechanisms through interrogating how direct-or observable-violence intersects with epistemic violence (i.e., harmful and inaccurate representation). Demonstrating the efficacy of this framework, we provide an example from our work, where participants from a low-income South African community produced and screened a documentary film on community violence and collective resistance. Reflecting on the ways by which this film engaged xenophobic violence in particular, we examine how community members used the film to trouble perceptions of community violence and advance a multifaceted antiviolence agenda. By way of conclusion, we consider how our framework can be used to inform a critical realist community psychology, wherein violent social structures are analyzed against the agentic community-driven initiatives which oppose these structures.

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Situational factors and mechanisms in pathways to violence.

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Ticket inspectors in action: Body-worn camera analysis of aggressive and nonaggressive passenger encounters.

Ticket inspectors in action: Body-worn camera analysis of aggressive and nonaggressive passenger encounters.

Cross-national CCTV footage shows low victimization risk for bystander interveners in public conflicts.

Understanding community violence: A critical realist framework for community psychology

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