SITUS NEOLITIK MALLAWA MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN (Suatu Hasil Analisis Keterkaitan antara Artefak dengan Sumber Daya Lingkungan) Neolithic Site at Mallawa Maros of South Sulawesi [A Result of Relevancy Analysis Between The Artefacts and The Environment Resources]

Abstract

The Mallawa is an open site located in the eastern part of Maros, South Sulawesi. The topography of Mallawa site is wavy and took place in a hilly area. Dating of the site using C14 Analysis showed that the site is about 3550 ±130 BP and 2710 ±170 BP and 2281± 46 BP. The point of this site, besides of its plenty artifacts that signifying occupied-densely site of some hills, the site is also located nearby caves of Maros. From the perspective of periodization, Mallawa site relatively younger compared to occupancy period in Maros caves. It is likely to say that the occupancy of Mallawa cave is the further stage in development of past life that characterized by its material culture remains. Several pottery findings possesses various of interesting forms and ornaments. In this research has also found several interesting findings such as pottery fragments, beads and stone artifacts. The excavation brings out more findings then the surficial findings. Through XRD analysis, SEM and also, XRF of the pottery and soil sample shows that Mallawa pottery were made and produced by the Mallawa themselves and the people surrounding based on the fact that the pottery contains the same mineral with the soil that surrounding this site. ABSTRAKMallawa adalah situs terbuka yang terletak di bagian timur Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Topografi situs Mallawa bergelombang dan terletak di daerah perbukitan. Pertanggalan situs dengan menggunakan Analisis C14 menunjukkan bahwa situs ini berumur sekitar 3550 ± 130 BP dan 2710 ± 170 BP dan 2281 ± 46 BP. Bagian penting dari situs ini, selain dari temuan artefak yang menandakan tempat berpenduduk padat di beberapa bukit, situs ini juga terletak di dekat gua-gua Maros. Dari segi periodisasi, situs Mallawa relatif lebih muda dibandingkan dengan masa hunian di gua Maros. Kemungkinan besar dikatakan bahwa hunian situs Mallawa merupakan tahap lanjutan dalam pengembangan kehidupan lampau yang ditandai oleh budaya materialnya. Beberapa temuan gerabah memiliki berbagai bentuk dan ornamen yang menarik. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan beberapa temuan menarik seperti fragmen gerabah, manik-manik dan artefak batu. Penggalian tersebut menghasilkan lebih banyak temuan. Melalui analisis XRD, SEM dan juga, XRF dari gerabah dan sampel tanah menunjukkan bahwa gerabah Mallawa dibuat dan diproduksi di Mallawa sendiri berdasarkan fakta bahwa gerabah mengandung mineral yang sama dengan tanah di sekitar lokasi ini.

Interaction Between the Toalean and Austronesian Cultures in the Mallawa Area, Maros District, South Sulawesi

“…The footprint of Austronesian culture in Mallawa has already been detected through previous research such as Simanjuntak (2008), Hakim et al (2009 and Hasanuddin (2017a). Until now the earliest signs of Austronesian culture in Mallawa are known from the Bulu Bakung site with dates of 3580±130 BP and 2710±170 BP (Simanjuntak 2008:233).…”

“…Its calibrated date in the seventh millennium BP (Table 5) therefore applies to either the late accumulation of sandy silt or to the early accumulation of coarse sand at Liang Uttange 1. (Hasanuddin 2017a). The research of Duli et al (2015) also demonstrated the existence of cultural layers at the Liang Panninge site that contained both Maros points and microliths.…”

“…On the other hand, in Sulawesi, red-slipped pottery and polished adzes are key indicators of the presence of Austronesian-speaking populations. Survey and excavation at Bulu Bakung, an open site in the Mallawa area, has encountered rectangular ground stone axes, chisels, carnelian beads, and decorated and red-slipped pottery (Mahmud 2008:126-127;Hasanuddin 2017a), associated with habitation by Austronesian-speaking communities. Investigations by Simanjuntak (2008) at Bulu Bakung resulted in C14 dates of 3580±130 BP (P36-06, 4400-3400 cal.…”

New Data on the Occupation and Culture of Toalean and Austronesian Speakers in Maros, South Sulawesi

“…The Surveys and excavations at the Bulu Bakung open site both earlier [11] and in 2019, show a high intensity of findings, reflecting occupancy in open areas. Unlike the findings in rock shelters in the same area, the findings at the Bulu Bakung Site (open site) are only in the form of stone artifacts and pottery.…”

“…The time span of using pottery in Mallawa represented by Bulu Bakung sites aged 3580 ± 130 BP [22,16]. This was made possible using local raw materials at the Bulu Bakung Site and its surroundings as evidenced by the suitability of the compound (XRF) [11].…”