Six mRNAs with different 5' ends are encoded by a single gamma-glutamyltransferase gene in mouse.

Rajagopalan, Sridharan; Wan, Da Fang; Habib, Geetha M.; Sepulveda, Antonia R.; McLeod, Michael R.; Lebovitz, Russell M.; Lieberman, Michael W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6179

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This suggestion is based on a substantial number of reports linking multiplicity of promoters with heterogeneity at the 59 UTR. [45][46][47] In the current study, the PCR was conducted using primers designed in the 59 and 39 UTR of EAAC1; it is plausible that use of an , the most intense labeling (b) being in puncta (arrowheads), which we interpreted as being the head regions of the sperm, and less intensely (d) in radially oriented structures (probably Sertoli cell processes; arrows). Scale bars: a, c5200 mm; b5100 mm; d525 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Expression of multiple glutamate transporter splice variants in the rodent testis

Lee¹,

Anderson²,

Barnett³

et al. 2010

Asian J Androl

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Glutamate is a regulated molecule in the mammalian testis. Extracellular regulation of glutamate in the body is determined largely by the expression of plasmalemmal glutamate transporters. We have examined by PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry the expression of a panel of sodium-dependent plasmalemmal glutamate transporters in the rat testis. Proteins examined included: glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) and EAAT5. We demonstrate that many of the glutamate transporters in the testis are alternately spliced. GLAST is present as exon-3-and exon-9-skipping forms. GLT1 was similarly present as the alternately spliced forms GLT1b and GLT1c, whereas the abundant brain form (GLT1a) was detectable only at the mRNA level. EAAT5 was also strongly expressed, whereas EAAC1 and EAAT4 were absent. These patterns of expression were compared with the patterns of endogenous glutamate localization and with patterns of D-aspartate accumulation, as assessed by immunocytochemistry. The presence of multiple glutamate transporters in the testis, including unusually spliced forms, suggests that glutamate homeostasis may be critical in this organ. The apparent presence of many of these transporters in the testis and sperm may indicate a need for glutamate transport by such cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Expression of multiple glutamate transporter splice variants in the rodent testis

Lee¹,

Anderson²,

Barnett³

et al. 2010

Asian J Androl

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“…Therefore we suggest that PARP-1 and sPARP-1 are encoded by the same gene. Multiple mRNAs encoded by a single gene have already been reported for other mouse genes (56). There are three possible ways for a gene to provide different mRNAs: an alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA, an alternative transcription starting point, or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of sPARP-1

Sallmann¹,

Vodenicharov²,

Wang³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…We have previously identified and characterized the structure of six different GGT mRNAs in mouse kidney (5). The GGT mRNA species differ in their 5Ј-untranslated sequences but share a common coding region (5,6).…”

Section: ␥-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (Ggt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GGT mRNA species differ in their 5Ј-untranslated sequences but share a common coding region (5,6). The different GGT mRNAs are expressed from separate promoters that are present in the 10-kb 5Ј-flanking region of the GGT gene (7).…”

Section: ␥-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (Ggt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 346-Base Pair Region of the Mouse γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Type II Promoter Contains Sufficient Cis-acting Elements for Kidney-restricted Expression in Transgenic Mice

Sepulveda

Huang²,

Lebovitz

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The mouse ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) gene encodes seven distinct mRNAs that are transcribed from seven separate promoters. Type II mRNA is the most abundant in kidney. We have developed a cell line with features of renal proximal tubular cells which expresses GGT mRNA types with a pattern similar to that of mouse kidney. Because a 346-bp sequence from the type II promoter directed the highest level of CAT activity in these cells, this region was used to drive the expression of a ␤-galactosidase reporter gene in transgenic mice. Two transgenic mouse lines expressed ␤-galactosidase limited to the renal proximal tubules. Site-directed deletions within this 346-bp promoter region demonstrated that cis-elements containing the consensus binding sites for AP2, a glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-like element, and the initiator region were required for transcriptional activity and were not additive. Purified AP2 bound and footprinted the AP2 consensus region, making it likely that transcription from the GGT type II promoter is regulated in part by AP2. These data suggest that transcription of the type II promoter requires multiple protein DNA interactions involving at least an AP2 element, and probably a GRE-like element and the initiator region. ␥-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)1 is a key enzyme in glutathione metabolism (1-3). It is expressed in many epithelial cells, but the highest levels are found in kidney, small intestine, pancreas, fetal liver, and other organs, which have secretory or absorptive function (1, 3). In kidney GGT expression is restricted to proximal tubules, where the ␥-glutamyl cycle plays an important role in the recycling of GSH (1, 3). Renal GGT is primarily associated with the apical surface of the proximal tubule with its active site in the extracellular milieu. GGT activity in proximal tubules results in reabsorption of greater than 99.9% of the tubular glutathione (as the constituent amino acids) and thus functions in cysteine reabsorption (1, 4).We have previously identified and characterized the structure of six different GGT mRNAs in mouse kidney (5). The GGT mRNA species differ in their 5Ј-untranslated sequences but share a common coding region (5, 6). The different GGT mRNAs are expressed from separate promoters that are present in the 10-kb 5Ј-flanking region of the GGT gene (7). We have studied the relative abundance of the GGT mRNAs in kidney and found that type II mRNA is the most abundant, representing approximately 45% of the total, while the five remaining GGT mRNAs are present at lower levels (7). Different GGT RNAs are expressed in a tissue restricted-pattern, and in general one type is present in only a few different tissues (3). For example, type III is expressed only in fetal liver and type IV is also detected in epididymis and in embryonic cells derived from the endoderm of the yolk sac (3, 8).Although GGT is expressed in a relatively ubiquitous manner, the restricted pattern of expression of individual GGT mRNAs has led to the hypothesis that the different promoter...

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Six mRNAs with different 5' ends are encoded by a single gamma-glutamyltransferase gene in mouse.

Abstract: The 5' region of the mouse rglutamyltrans-

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Expression of multiple glutamate transporter splice variants in the rodent testis

Expression of multiple glutamate transporter splice variants in the rodent testis

Characterization of sPARP-1

A 346-Base Pair Region of the Mouse γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Type II Promoter Contains Sufficient Cis-acting Elements for Kidney-restricted Expression in Transgenic Mice

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