Six new examples of the bipartite trapezoid bone: Morphology, significant population variation, and an examination of pre-existing criteria to identify bipartition of individual carpal bones

Bilateral bipartite trapezoid: a rare anatomical variant

“…Two cases of bilateral bipartite trapezoids have been published, with this representing the first described case of a living patient with bilateral bipartite trapezoids 5. Anatomical anthropology studies assessing skeletal specimens describe a larger, flatter, oval shaped dorsal segment, with a smaller cubical palmar segment, which is reflected in our cases appearance 5. Second, roughening between the two surfaces of the dorsal and palmar trapezoid portions was described, indicating a fibrous or fibrocartilaginous connection, confirmed in our case.…”

“…Two cases of bilateral bipartite trapezoids have been published, with this representing the first described case of a living patient with bilateral bipartite trapezoids 5. Anatomical anthropology studies assessing skeletal specimens describe a larger, flatter, oval shaped dorsal segment, with a smaller cubical palmar segment, which is reflected in our cases appearance 5.…”

“…Carpal bone bipartition is an anatomical variant that occurs due to the formation of two cartilaginous centres rather than one, or non-union of two ossification centres 5. The most common bipartite carpal is the scaphoid 5.…”

“…Carpal bone bipartition is an anatomical variant that occurs due to the formation of two cartilaginous centres rather than one, or non-union of two ossification centres 5. The most common bipartite carpal is the scaphoid 5. To date, there exists a single case report describing unilateral right bipartite trapezoid in a 17-year-old man identified on radiographs and CT following fall onto the outstretched hand 6.…”

Non-metric dental analysis of human interactions around the Pyrenees during the Neolithic and their biological impact

“…Anatomical variations have been used to understand the biological impact of population interactions and migrations, to determine or to discriminate the geographic or biological origin of human populations, both ancient and modern, for a long time now (Howells, 1973;Berry, 1974;Milne et al, 1983;Rubini, 1996;Crubézy et al, 1999;Hanihara and Ishida, 2001a, 2001b, 2001cPuişoru et al, 2006;Ricaut & Waelkens, 2008;Burnett et al, 2015). Concretely, in archaeological collections teeth are amongst the best-preserved osteological materials.…”