Six novelties to European bryosymbiotic discomycetes

Huhtinen, Seppo; Laukka, Tomi; Döbbeler, Peter; Stenroos, Soili

doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0413

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Both Cistella albidolutea and Rodwayella citrinula were isolated from the sheath of a Carex plant. Belonioscyphella hypnorum is a necrotrophic parasite of various mosses and develops apothecia mostly on stems in the upper part of shoots (Huhtinen et al 2010). Roseodiscus species can be isolated from mosses and horsetail ferns in bogs and swamps and might be both parasitic and saprotrophic (Baral and Krieglsteiner 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhabiting plant roots, nematodes, and truffles—Polyphilus, a new helotialean genus with two globally distributed species

et al. 2018

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Fungal root endophytes, including the common group of dark septate endophytes (DSEs), represent different taxonomic groups and potentially diverse life strategies. In this study, we investigated two unidentified helotialean lineages found previously in a study of DSE fungi of semiarid grasslands, from several other sites, and collected recently from a pezizalean truffle ascoma and eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. The taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of 21 isolates with different hosts and geographic origins were studied in detail. Four loci, namely, nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]), partial 28S nuc rDNA (28S), partial 18S nuc rDNA (18S), and partial RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2), were amplified and sequenced for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Analyses of similar ITS sequences from public databases revealed two globally distributed lineages detected in several biomes from different geographic regions. The host interaction of isolates from nematodes was examined using in vitro bioassays, which revealed that the fungi could penetrate nematode cysts and colonize eggs of H. filipjevi, confirming observations from field-collected samples. This is the first report of a DSE, and we are not aware of other helotialean fungal species colonizing the eggs of a plant-parasitic nematode. Neither conidiomata and conidia nor ascomata formation was detected in any of the isolates. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, these isolates represent a distinct lineage within the Helotiales in the Hyaloscyphaceae. For this lineage, we propose here the new genus Polyphilus represented by two new species, P. sieberi and P. frankenii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhabiting plant roots, nematodes, and truffles—Polyphilus, a new helotialean genus with two globally distributed species

et al. 2018

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“…A large number of fungal species have been found inhabiting diverse groups of bryophytes (Davey & Currah, ; Davey et al ., ; Huhtinen et al ., ; Stenroos et al ., ). In many cases, the microfungi on bryophytes are found associated with general symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis, followed by gametophyte death, but pathogenicity tests fulfilling Koch's postulates and establishing causality between the fungi and symptoms observed are rarely reported (Davey & Currah, ; Davey et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fungi infecting cultivated moss can also cause diseases in crop plants

Lehtonen

Marttinen

Akita

et al. 2012

Annals of Applied Biology

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Bryophytes (mosses) are non‐vascular plants inhabited by a large number of fungal species, but whether mosses can act as reservoirs of fungal pathogens of crop plants has gained little attention. A few moss species including the Sunagoke moss (Racomitrium japonicum; family Grimmiaceae) are found to have modern economical applications in uses such as greening of urban environments. In a previous study, we identified fungi causing symptoms of varying severity in the commercially grown Sunagoke moss. The aim of this study was to test whether the same fungal isolates are pathogenic to vascular plants. An isolate of Fusarium avenaceum lethal to the Sunagoke moss caused root and crown rot in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and reduced germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown in the infested soil. An isolate of Cladosporium oxysporum causing mild symptoms in moss reduced growth and caused reddening and premature death of carrot seedlings. On the other hand, isolates of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum lethal to the Sunagoke moss caused no detectable symptoms in any tested vascular plant, suggesting specialisation of these isolates to moss. Chloroplast repositioning was observed in the neighbouring cells towards the initially infected cell following infection with F. avenaceum and A. alternata in Physcomitrella patens (family Funariaceae), a model moss used to study microscopic symptoms. Infection of P. patens with a non‐virulent Apiospora montagnei isolate induced formation of papillae in the moss cells, indicating activation of host defence as described in vascular plants. Results suggest that mosses and vascular plants may be linked by a common microbial interface constituted by pathogenic fungi. The findings have epidemiological implications that have gained little previous attention.

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“…Their true phylogenetic relationship may be revealed only when DNA sequence data becomes available for them, unless an alternative set of morphological features is discovered that is found to be characteristic of the Chlorociboriaceae clade. Huhtinen et al (2010) discuss other seemingly ecologically or morphologically atypical Chlorociboria spp. from Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brahmaculus gen. nov. (Leotiomycetes, Chlorociboriaceae)

Johnston¹,

Park²,

Smith³

et al. 2021

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A second genus in Chlorociboriaceae is described here as Brahmaculusgen. nov. Macroscopically distinctive, all species have bright yellow apothecia with several apothecial cups held on short branches at the tip of a long stipe. The genus is widely distributed across the Southern Hemisphere; the four new species described here include two from Chile (B. magellanicussp. nov., B. osornoensissp. nov.) and one each from New Zealand (B. moonlighticussp. nov.) and Australia (B. packhamiaesp. nov.). They differ from species referred to Chlorociboria, the only other genus in Chlorociboriaceae, in their terrestrial habitat and ascomata that are noticeably more hairy than the known Chlorociboria species, most of which have apothecia with short, macroscopically indistinct hair-like elements. Based on our analyses, Chlorociboria as accepted here is paraphyletic. Additional study is needed to clarify where alternative, monophyletic generic limits should be drawn and how these genera may be recognised morphologically. Also described here are three new Chlorociboria spp. from New Zealand (C. metrosiderisp. nov., C. solandrisp. nov., C. subtilissp. nov.), distinctive in developing on dead leaves rather than wood and in two of them not forming the green pigmentation characteristic of most Chlorociboria species. New Zealand specimens previously incorrectly identified as Chlorociboria argentinensis are provided with a new name, C. novae-zelandiaesp. nov.

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Six novelties to European bryosymbiotic discomycetes

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Inhabiting plant roots, nematodes, and truffles—Polyphilus, a new helotialean genus with two globally distributed species

Inhabiting plant roots, nematodes, and truffles—Polyphilus, a new helotialean genus with two globally distributed species

Fungi infecting cultivated moss can also cause diseases in crop plants

Brahmaculus gen. nov. (Leotiomycetes, Chlorociboriaceae)

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