Six-port mid-bands Low-SAR MIMO antenna for WLAN, 5G mobile terminals, and C-band applications

Kumar, Akhilesh; Mohanty, J.; Pattanayak, Prabina; Sabat, Dukhishyam; Prasad, Ganesh

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154665

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Since the exposure dose absorbed by the passengers can't be measured directly, our study assesses the RF electromagnetic exposure of the passengers by using numerical calculation. SAR is a dosimetric quantity defined as the electromagnetic radiation energy absorbed by a unit mass of material per unit time, which has been widely used to evaluate the electromagnetic energy absorbed by a unit mass of human tissues [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic exposure analysis of the subway passenger under the civil communication system radiation

Zhou,

Zhang,

2024

PLoS ONE

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In order to assess the electromagnetic exposure safety of passengers under the civil communication system of the subway, the radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic environment of subway carriage is established by using COMSOL Multiphysics software, it includes a 1-1/4 " leaky coaxial cable (LCX1) and a 1-5/8" leaky coaxial cable (LCX2), which are designed to be the exposure sources, and twelve passengers at different position. The electromagnetic environment model has been verified through field measurement. The exposure dose distribution of twelve passengers is compared and analyzed, when LCX1 and LCX2 works respectively. The simulated results show that, to compare with LCX2, the electromagnetic dose absorbed by the passengers is reduced by 9.19% and 22.50% at 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of passengers obtains the maximum value of 1.91×10−4 W/Kg and the temperature rise to 0.214 K when the LCX1 works at 3400 MHz. By comparing with the public exposure limitation of the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), it demonstrates the electromagnetic exposure safety of the passengers under the civil communication system. More importantly, the proposed LCX1 not only could add the 5G signal cover but also lower the SAR absorbed by the passengers, which indicates that the public electromagnetic exposure dose could be reduced by adjusting the radiation performances of exposure source, which provide a new way for electromagnetic protecting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic exposure analysis of the subway passenger under the civil communication system radiation

Zhou,

Zhang,

2024

PLoS ONE

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Design and performance analysis of compact quad‐band two‐port sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna for wireless applications

Yadav,

Singh,

Bali

et al. 2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In this research, a quad‐band sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna of compact size 32 × 32 mm2 (0.28λ0 × 0.28λ0 at lower resonant frequency 2.6 GHz) has been proposed using partial ground and tilted isolation stub at an angle of 45°. It covers 2.40 to 2.80 GHz frequency range with bandwidth (BW) of 15.38% (0.40 GHz) which is applicable for Wi‐Fi application in first band and in second band it covers from 4.48 to 5.75 GHz frequency range with BW of 24.83% (1.27 GHz) for WLAN application. In addition, the third band starts from 9.75 to 10.43 GHz frequency range with BW of 6.74% (0.68 GHz) for the X‐band whereas in fourth band it covers from 13.07 to 15.87 GHz frequency range with BW of 19.38% (2.8 GHz) frequency, which is applicable on Ku‐band application. Moreover, the isolation is < −15 dB in the entire resonating frequency band which is an acceptable limit for reduction of mutual coupling. ECC value is <0.5 in the entire operating band of frequency. The diversity gain of the proposed MIMO antenna is approximately 9.96 dB that shows the antenna exhibits good diversity property. The channel capacity loss value is <0.4 bps/s/Hz in the entire resonating band. In view of all the diversity parameters, the proposed MIMO structure fulfills all the requirements of the MIMO antenna.

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Low mutual coupling miniaturized dual-band quad-port MIMO antenna array using decoupling structure for 5G smartphones

Elabd,

Al-Gburi

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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Maintaining the compactness of 5G smartphones while accommodating millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands presents a significant challenge due to the substantial difference in frequency. To tackle this issue, we introduce a miniaturized quad-port dual-band multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with low mutual coupling (MC) and a considerable frequency difference. This quad-port MIMO antenna, built on a Rogers TMM4 substrate, measures 17.76 × 17.76 mm2 and boasts a dielectric constant of 4.5. It incorporates four planar patch antennas, positioned at the corners in perpendicular orientations. For dual-band operation at 28/38 GHz, each antenna element features a rectangular patch with four rectangular slots, complemented by a full ground plane. The spacing between these elements is 0.5 λo, and we've included a decoupling structure (DS) to minimize mutual coupling (MC) among the MIMO antenna elements with minimal complexity and cost. Simulation and measurement results reveal a significant reduction in mutual coupling between the array elements, ranging from − 25 to − 60 dB. As a result, we’ve developed the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and made advancements in the total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and diversity gain (DG). The measured gains for this design are approximately 8.9 dBi at both 28 GHz and 38 GHz, with a radiation efficiency of nearly 93%. Furthermore, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis confirms the MIMO antenna's suitability for smartphone handsets operating within the target frequency band.

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Six-port mid-bands Low-SAR MIMO antenna for WLAN, 5G mobile terminals, and C-band applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Electromagnetic exposure analysis of the subway passenger under the civil communication system radiation

Electromagnetic exposure analysis of the subway passenger under the civil communication system radiation

Design and performance analysis of compact quad‐band two‐port sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna for wireless applications

Low mutual coupling miniaturized dual-band quad-port MIMO antenna array using decoupling structure for 5G smartphones

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