Six Weeks of Confinement: Psychological Effects on a Sample of Children in Early Childhood and Primary Education

Giménez‐Dasí, Marta; Quintanilla, Laura; Lucas‐Molina, Beatriz; Sarmento‐Henrique, Renata

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590463

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Spanish citizens were not allowed to leave their homes unless they were considered essential workers, went out for food shopping or for health issues ( Boletín Oficial del Estado, 2020a , b ). Similarly to what has been reported in other places ( Brailovskaia et al, 2020 ; Cénat et al, 2020 ), the negative psychological impact of the lockdown in Spain has already been highlighted ( Giménez-Dasí et al, 2020 ; González-Sanguino et al, 2020 ; Justo-Alonso et al, 2020 ; Sandín et al, 2020 ). Among other emotional symptoms, high levels of depression, anxiety, stress, worries, feelings of loneliness and sleep problems have been reported in adults of various ages ( Justo-Alonso et al, 2020 ; Sandín et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

et al. 2021

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The strict lockdown experienced in Spain during March–June 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis has led to strong negative emotions. Music can contribute to enhancing wellbeing, but the extent of this effect may be modulated by both personal and context-related variables. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the two types of variables on the perceived efficacy of musical behaviors to fulfill adults’ emotional wellbeing-related goals during the lockdown established in Spain. Personal variables included age, gender, musical training, personality, resilience, and perception of music’s importance. Contextual variables referred to living in a region with a high COVID-19 impact, perception of belonging to a risk group, being alone, having caring responsibilities during confinement, and amount of time of music listening as compared to prior to the crisis. The study was conducted retrospectively during August–December 2020, when the strict lockdown was over in Spain. An online survey was disseminated among the general population and groups of musicians, and the answers of 507 adults (from 18 years on, 73.9% females, 51.3% musically trained adults) were analyzed. Only personal, but not COVID-19 context-related variables, showed an impact on music’s efficacy. The youngest age group of adults and those with musical training reported the highest efficacy of music for wellbeing enhancement, and music’s importance was found to be the main significant predictor of music’s perceived efficacy. Our findings suggest that the people who have been reported to be emotionally more vulnerable during the lockdown, due to either a strong impact on their daily lives or their lower resilience, perceive a higher benefit from musical behaviors. Being musically trained, even for a small number of years, also leads to a perception of higher efficacy of music for the achievement of emotional wellbeing goals. However, this effect is explained by the musically trained individuals’ higher perception of music’s importance. Although musical behaviors can be generally considered as important for wellbeing enhancement, our study highlights who are the potential individuals who could benefit the most from music-related activities for obtaining better levels of wellbeing, at least within the current context of the COVID-19 crisis.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…We should also note that this study only focused on adults. Including children would have also been of interest, given that they have also suffered due to the confinement ( Giménez-Dasí et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the care that younger children get from their parents should enable the continuousness of their lives, turning confinement into a time like that of holiday time spent at home or periods of sickness that are so common in young children. It is also likely that these two protecting factors have been less standing in the lives of kindergartens’ and over levels children during quarantine and that part of their emotional and behavioral worsening may reflect the progressive decline in pretend play that is experienced from the ages of 6–7, the more conscious awareness of reality, and the lesser need for constant attention from the parents [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behavioral and Emotional Aspects and Daily Routines of Arab Israeli Children

Ghanamah

Eghbaria-Ghanamah

2021

IJERPH

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Negative psychological effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been identified in adults and children, such as anxiety and sleep disorders. However, research about the impact of this pandemic on children from ethnical minorities is scarce. We tested the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on psychological aspects and daily routines among Arab Israeli Children. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Arab Israeli parents, including behavioral and emotional aspects questionnaire and questions addressing using of screens, sleep, and physical activities. The results showed that, during the COVID-19 outbreak, 55.8% of the children asked to sleep in their parents’ bed and 45% expressed fears they did not have before. Most of the children showed increased irritability, constant mood swings and nervousness about limits and messages, and 41.4% showed sleep difficulties. Concerning adaptive behaviors, more than 50% of the parents reported that their child became wiser, lazier, and was able to adapt the limits and restriction of the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the children tended to increase their use of screens, used to sleep more time, and were less active physically. The results suggest that children are vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak psychological effects and highlight the need to reduce the psychological burden of this pandemic and the necessity of immediate intervention.

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“…A recent narrative review analyzed the impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on the mental health of children and adolescents and suggested that young children show more clinginess, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems [ 8 ]. In another study published in Spain, when the families described the observed changes in the psychological well-being of children aged three years old, they mentioned greater difficulties in self-regulation [ 9 ]. Self-regulation refers to the ability to control one’s thoughts, behaviors, emotional reactions, and social interactions, even when impulses and urges run contrary to proximal or distal goals [ 10 ] and is recognized as an indicator of positive child development [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Alonso‐Martínez

Ramírez‐Vélez

García‐Alonso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

138

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Background: A better understanding of the effects of the lockdown on lifestyle behaviors may help to guide the public health response to COVID-19 at a national level and to update the global strategy to respond COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on device-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep and self-regulation; and to determine whether PA and sleep are related to self-regulation problems during the lockdown. Methods: PA, sedentary time and sleep were assessed using accelerometry in the week in which the Spanish national state of alarm was declared (n = 21). Parents reported preschooler’s self-regulation difficulties (internalizing and externalizing) before (n = 268) and during the lockdown (n = 157) by a validated questionnaire. Results: Preschoolers showed a decrease in total PA (mean difference [MD] = −43.3 min per day, 95% CI −68.1 to −18.5), sleep efficiency (MD = −2.09%, 95% CI −4.12 to −0.05), an increase in sedentary time (MD = 50.2 min per day, 95% CI 17.1 to 83.3) internalizing (MD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.28) and externalizing (MD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44) problems. Preschoolers who met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA had lower internalizing scores than non-active peers (MD = −1.28, 95% CI −2.53 to −0.03). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of meeting PA recommendations to reduce psychosocial difficulties during a lockdown situation.

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Six Weeks of Confinement: Psychological Effects on a Sample of Children in Early Childhood and Primary Education

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

The Efficacy of Music for Emotional Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: An Analysis of Personal and Context-Related Variables

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behavioral and Emotional Aspects and Daily Routines of Arab Israeli Children

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown

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