Six weeksâ€™ aerobic retraining after two weeksâ€™ immobilization restores leg lean mass and aerobic capacity but does not fully rehabilitate leg strenght in young and older men

Vigelsø, Andreas; Gram, Martin; Wiuff, Caroline; Andersen, Jesper L.; Helge, Jørn Wulff; Dela, Flemming

doi:10.2340/16501977-1961

Cited by 50 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The Watt max did not change in the control leg in either group (Vigelsø et al . b ; Table ). Hence, the immobilized leg worked at a relatively higher workload compared with the control leg in both young and older volunteers (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At inclusion, there was no difference in Watt max between the groups or the legs (Vigelsø et al . b ). With immobilization, Watt max decreased by −14 ± 5 ( P < 0.05) and −9 ± 4% ( P < 0.05) in the immobilized leg of the young and older men, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that young and older men did not differ in capillarization, muscle fibre type distribution or muscle fibre size (Vigelsø et al . b ), and therefore, the muscle morphology cannot explain the higher FA uptake and ATGL protein content in the young men. Interestingly, ATGL has been proposed as the major lipase in skeletal muscle during contraction (Alsted et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…leg lean mass, strength and muscle fibre type composition; Vigelsø et al . b ) and plasma lipid profile (Nørregaard et al . ) with immobilization and retraining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous studies have investigated interluekin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α release during exercise in young men (Reihmane et al 2013) and changes in mitochondrial respiration and H 2 O 2 production (Gram et al 2014, leg function (e.g. leg lean mass, strength and muscle fibre type composition; Vigelsø et al 2015b) and plasma lipid profile (Nørregaard et al 2015) with immobilization and retraining. It follows that most of the descriptive data on these subjects have been reported previously (Reihmane et al 2013;Gram et al 2014;Nørregaard et al 2015;Vigelsø et al 2015b,c), and this is clearly cited in the present paper.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilization for 2 weeks on substrate utilization during moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Vigelsø

Gram

Dybboe

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr This study aimed to provide molecular insight into the differential effects of age and physical inactivity on the regulation of substrate metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise.r Using the arteriovenous balance technique, we studied the effect of immobilization of one leg for 2 weeks on leg substrate utilization in young and older men during two-legged dynamic knee-extensor moderate-intensity exercise, as well as changes in key proteins in muscle metabolism before and after exercise.r Age and immobilization did not affect relative carbohydrate and fat utilization during exercise, but the older men had higher uptake of exogenous fatty acids, whereas the young men relied more on endogenous fatty acids during exercise.r Using a combined whole-leg and molecular approach, we provide evidence that both age and physical inactivity result in intramuscular lipid accumulation, but this occurs only in part through the same mechanisms.Abstract Age and inactivity have been associated with intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) accumulation. Here, we attempt to disentangle these factors by studying the effect of 2 weeks of unilateral leg immobilization on substrate utilization across the legs during moderate-intensity exercise in young (n = 17; 23 ± 1 years old) and older men (n = 15; 68 ± 1 years old), while the contralateral leg served as the control. After immobilization, the participants performed two-legged isolated knee-extensor exercise at 20 ± 1 W (ß50% maximal work capacity) for 45 min with catheters inserted in the brachial artery and both femoral veins. Biopsy samples obtained from vastus lateralis muscles of both legs before and after exercise were used for analysis of substrates, protein content and enzyme activities. During exercise, leg substrate utilization (respiratory quotient) did not differ between groups or legs. Leg fatty acid uptake was greater in older than in young men, and although young men demonstrated net leg glycerol release during exercise, older men showed net glycerol uptake. At baseline, IMTG, muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and the protein content of adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)γ3 were higher in young than in older men. Furthermore, adipose triglyceride lipase, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein and AMPKγ3 subunit protein contents were lower and IMTG was higher in the immobilized than the contralateral leg in young and older men. Thus, immobilization and age did not affect substrate choice (respiratory quotient) during moderate exercise, but the whole-leg and molecular differences in fatty acid mobilization could explain the age-and immobilization-induced IMTG accumulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…leg lean mass, strength and muscle fibre type composition; Vigelsø et al . b ) and plasma lipid profile (Nørregaard et al . ) with immobilization and retraining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilization for 2 weeks on substrate utilization during moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Vigelsø

Gram

Dybboe

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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Physical Exercise in the Oldest Old

Valenzuela

Castillo‐García²,

Morales

et al. 2019

Comprehensive Physiology

107

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Societies are progressively aging, with the oldest old (i.e., those aged >80-85 years) being the most rapidly expanding population segment. However, advanced aging comes at a price, as it is associated with an increased incidence of the so-called age-related conditions, including a greater risk for loss of functional independence. How to combat sarcopenia, frailty, and overall intrinsic capacity decline in the elderly is a major challenge for modern medicine, and exercise appears to be a potential solution. In this article, we first summarize the physiological mechanisms underlying the age-related deterioration in intrinsic capacity, particularly regarding those phenotypes related to functional decline. The main methods available for the physical assessment of the oldest old are then described, and finally the multisystem benefits that exercise (or "exercise mimetics" in those situations in which volitional exercise is not feasible) can provide to this population segment are reviewed. In summary, lifetime physical exercise can help to attenuate the loss of many of the properties affected by aging, especially when the latter is accompanied by an inactive lifestyle and benefits can also be obtained in frail individuals who start exercising at an advanced age. Multicomponent programs combining mainly aerobic and resistance training should be included in the oldest old, particularly during disuse situations such as hospitalization. However, evidence is still needed to support the effectiveness of passive physical strategies including neuromuscular electrical stimulation or vibration for the prevention of disuse-induced negative adaptations in those oldest old people who are unable to do physical exercise.

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The role of muscle disuse in muscular and cardiovascular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐regression

Casuso,

Huertas,

Aragón‐Vela

2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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We aimed to assess the effects of muscle disuse on muscle strength (MS), muscle mass (MM) and cardiovascular fitness. Databases were scrutinized to identify human studies assessing the effects of muscle disuse on both (1) MM and (2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and/or MS. Random‐effects meta‐analysis and meta‐regression with initial physical fitness and length of the protocol as a priori determined moderators were performed. We quantitatively analyzed 51 different studies, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Data from the participants in 14 studies showed a decline in both VO2max (SMD: −0.93; 95% CI: −1.27 to −0.58) and MM (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.10). Data from 47 studies showed a decline in strength (−0.88; 95% CI: −1.04 to −0.73) and mass (SMD: −0.47; 95% CI: −0.58 to −0.36). MS loss was twice as high as MM loss, but differences existed between anatomical regions. Notably, meta‐regression analysis revealed that initial MS was inversely associated with MS decline. VO2max and MS decline to a higher extent than MM during muscle disuse. We reported a more profound strength loss in subjects with high muscular strength. This is physiologically relevant for athletes because their required muscular strength can profoundly decline during a period of muscle disuse. It should however be noted that a period of muscle disuse can have devastating consequences in old subjects with low muscular strength.

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Six weeksâ€™ aerobic retraining after two weeksâ€™ immobilization restores leg lean mass and aerobic capacity but does not fully rehabilitate leg strenght in young and older men

Abstract: Short-term leg immobilization had marked effects on leg strength, and work capacity and 6 weeks' retraining was sufficient to increase, but not completely rehabilitate, muscle strength, and to rehabilitate aerobic work capacity and leg lean mass (in the young men).

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilization for 2 weeks on substrate utilization during moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilization for 2 weeks on substrate utilization during moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Physical Exercise in the Oldest Old

The role of muscle disuse in muscular and cardiovascular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐regression

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