Sixty minutes of what? A developing brain perspective for activating children with an integrative exercise approach

Myer, Gregory D.; Faigenbaum, Avery D.; Edwards, Nicholas M.; Clark, Joseph F.; Best, Thomas M.; Sallis, Robert E.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093661

Cited by 122 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The developmental time frame of brain maturation is associated with a heightened degree of neural plasticity during childhood (37,38, 181,215). This stage of development involves the process of pruning and an overall strengthening of the synaptic pathways (148,237,238,241) and provides an opportunity to take advantage of the motor skill potential of children.…”

Section: Motor Skill and Muscular Strength Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development

Lloyd

Cronin

Faigenbaum

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

329

354

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There has recently been a growing interest in long-term athletic development for youth. Because of their unique physical, psychological, and social differences, children and adolescents should engage in appropriately prescribed exercise programs that promote physical development to prevent injury and enhance fitness behaviors that can be retained later in life. Irrespective of whether a child is involved in organized sport or engages in recreational physical activity, there remains a need to adopt a structured, logical, and evidence-based approach to the long-term development of athleticism. This is of particular importance considering the alarmingly high number of youth who fail to meet global physical activity recommendations and consequently present with negative health profiles. However, appropriate exercise prescription is also crucial for those young athletes who are physically underprepared and at risk of overuse injury because of high volumes of competition and an absence of preparatory conditioning. Whether the child accumulates insufficient or excessive amounts of exercise, or falls somewhere between these opposing ends of the spectrum, it is generally accepted that the young bodies of modern day youth are often ill-prepared to tolerate the rigors of sports or physical activity. All youth should engage in regular physical activity and thus should be viewed as "athletes" and afforded the opportunity to enhance athleticism in an individualized, holistic, and child-centered manner. Because of emerging interest in long-term athletic development, an authorship team was tasked on behalf of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) to critically synthesize existing literature and current practices within the field and to compose a relevant position statement. This document was subsequently reviewed and formally ratified by the NSCA Board of Directors. A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the position statement. With these pillars in place, it is believed that the NSCA can (a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to long-term athletic development, (b) promote the benefits of a lifetime of healthy physical activity, and

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Section: Motor Skill and Muscular Strength Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development

Lloyd

Cronin

Faigenbaum

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

329

354

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It not only affects immediate health and well-being but also has important implications in later life [124]. Given the consistent and measureable decrements in muscular fitness in youth over the last decade [7,10] RT should be recognized as important component in the promotion of an active lifestyle [89]. While there remain reservations about the implementation of RT in youth, research has not shown any detrimental effects of RT on growth and development in youth; rather RT appears to be a safe, effective and worthwhile form of exercise for children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During childhood and adolescence strength gains are also due to growth and maturation [84][85][86] and these changes potentially mask training effects in case of suboptimal straining stimuli [87,88]. As indicated by the specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) principle, adaptations to RT are specific to the demands of the task, including movement pattern, velocity of movement, contraction type and contraction force [89]. Strength gains in children appear to be predominantly related to neural mechanisms rather than hypertrophic factors due to the lower levels of circulating testosterone that stimulate increases in muscle size [46,84,90,91].…”

Section: Adaptations To Resistance Training In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training in Youth - Benefits and Characteristics

Drenowatz¹,

Greier²

2018

J. Biomed

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Received : 2018.01.19; Accepted: 2018.02.20; Published: 2018.02.22 Abstract Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the major health risks in the 21 st century. Along with secular trends of lower PA in youth there have been significant declines in muscular fitness over the last decades. PA recommendations, nevertheless, focus predominantly on aerobic exercise. Despite research showing no harm or increased injury risk with resistance exercise there remain concerns about the implementation of resistance training in youth. Properly administered resistance training, however, has been associated with lower injury risk compared to various other physical activity youth generally engage in. Resistance training has also been shown to provide important complementary health benefits to aerobic exercise. In addition to beneficial effects on muscular strength and power, resistance training has been associated with increased bone mineral density, reduced risk for chronic disease markers and improved psychological well-being. Resistance training further appears to facilitate a sustainable participation in various physical activities. Even though hypertrophic effects may be limited in children, relative strength gains have been similar between children, adolescents and adults. The utilization of adult resistance training programs, however, is not applicable in youth. Ensuring postural balance along with proper exercise technique are crucial components of resistance training in youth. In addition, individual needs and maturational readiness need to be considered in developing age appropriate resistance training programs that will promote a sustainable participation in PA throughout youth and into adulthood.

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“…Foundational movement skill competency, which includes a broad range of movement forms including strength skills, provides a direct or indirect pathway to a lifetime of physical activity . Structured exercise interventions that address neuromuscular deficiencies early in life are therefore needed to achieve daily MVPA goals .…”

Section: Paediatric Inactivity Triadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unsolved problem of paediatric physical inactivity: it's time for a new perspective

Faigenbaum

Rebullido²,

MacDonald

2018

Acta Paediatrica

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Sixty minutes of what? A developing brain perspective for activating children with an integrative exercise approach

Cited by 122 publications

References 93 publications

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development

Resistance Training in Youth - Benefits and Characteristics

The unsolved problem of paediatric physical inactivity: it's time for a new perspective

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