Size and composition of particulate emissions from motor vehicles in the Kaisermühlen-Tunnel, Vienna

Handler, Markus; Puls, Christoph; Zbiral, J.; Marr, Iain L.; Puxbaum, Hans; Limbeck, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.054

Cited by 139 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Tunnels are usually constructed to ease traffic congestion, and because of the confined space, there is an increase in the concentrations of the emissions and prolonged exposure to the pollutants emitted by the vehicles (El-Fadel and Hashisho, 2001). Therefore, the tunnel test has become the most popular method for studying vehicle emissions, as real traffic emissions are reflected, including pollutants from vehicle exhaust, as well as related emissions (e.g., tire and brake friction and road dust) (Handler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Composition profiles of PM 2.5 were obtained in smaller city, Yantai.• Characteristics of PM 2.5 were changed by emission standards and fuel policy.• Source profiles of PM 2.5 for gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles were given.• The diesel vehicles play a major role in PM 2.5 emissions in Yantai. The chemical compositions of PM 2.5 including OC, EC, water soluble ions, elements, and organic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes, emitted in Wuzushan (WZS) and Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnels were determined. WZS tunnel is a major route for diesel vehicles traveling, while KXL tunnel has limited to diesel vehicles. The results showed that the proportions of the different constituents of PM 2.5 in the Wuzushan (WZS) tunnel were OC (27.7%), EC (32.1%), elements (13.9%), and water soluble ions (9.2%). Whereas the chemical profile of PM 2.5 in the Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnel was OC (17.7%), EC (10.4%), elements (8.90%), and water soluble ions (8.87%). The emission factors (EFs) of PM 2.5 and proportions of SO 4 2− and Pb were decreased by vehicle emission standards and fuel quality policy in China, and the higher molecular weight PAHs (4 + 5 + 6 rings) were more abundant than the lower molecular weight PAHs (2 + 3 rings) in the two tunnels. The proportions of 17A(H)-21B(H)-30-Norhopane and 17A(H)-21B(H)-Hopane in the hopane and sterane were not dependent on the vehicles types. In addition, specific composition profiles for PM 2.5 from gasoline-fueled vehicles (GV) G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v and diesel-fueled vehicles (DV) emissions were drafted, which indicated that OC (0.974 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 ) was the most abundant component in PM 2.5 , followed by Fe, Cl − , and Mg for GV. The relative proportions of the different constituents in the PM 2.5 for DV were EC (35.9%), OC (27.2%), elements (12.8%), and water soluble ions (11.7%). Both the PM 2.5 EFs and EC proportions in DV were higher than those in GV, and the HMW PAHs were the dominant PAHs for both GV and DV. The PM 2.5 emissions from the vehicles in Yantai were 581 ± 513 tons to 1353 ± 1197 tons for GV, and 19,627 ± 2477 tons to 23,042 ± 2887 tons for DV, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…[6][7][8] In previous studies, emissions of coarse particles were found to be dominated by the resuspension of dust and brake wear, while fine particles were mainly due to combustion processes. 9 The various trace metal sources in fine particulate matter emitted from road traffic were characterized in a road tunnel in Nice, France. 10 Using a multivariate analysis (positive matrix factorization), the contribution of the sub-sources were determined as follows: resuspension (43%), vehicular abrasion (36%) and fuel combustion (21%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals in the urban aerosols of Rio de Janeiro city

Loyola

Arbilla

Quitério

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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De janeiro a abril de 2009, amostras de partículas suspensas (TSP) e de materiais particulados (PM 10 e PM 2.5 ) foram coletadas de uma área urbana característica altamente impactada pelo tráfego de veículos. As concentrações de metais nestas amostras foram determinadas por ICP-OES (espectroscopia de emissão por plasma indutivamente acoplado). Ca, Mg, Fe e Al foram os metais mais abundantes presentes em TSP e PM 10 , com concentrações maiores que 427 ng m -3 . Em PM 2.5 , os metais mais abundantes foram Fe e Ca (307 e 60 ng m -3 , respectivamente), enquanto que as concentrações de Mg, Zn e Cu foram aproximadamente 20 ng m -3 . Para PM 10 e PM 2,5 , correlações elevadas foram obtidas para Ca, Mg e Al, enquanto a correlação de Ca e Mg com Fe mostrou-se pobre, indicando assim que Ca, Mg e Al provavelmente se originam principalmente da resuspensão de poeira, enquanto Fe pode ser também proveniente de uma fonte adicional, como o desgaste de freio. Elementos antropogênicos (Zn e Cu) tiveram fatores de correlação baixos, sugerindo fontes de emissões diferentes. A presença de Cu pode estar relacionada com o desgaste dos freios e a de Zn pode ser atribuída ao desgaste do pneu. Em partículas finas, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn e Cu estavam presentes em razões mais elevadas do que em material da crosta. Uma vez que estas partículas são observadas principalmente devido aos processos de combustão, elas podem estar presentes na gasolina, óleo e lubrificantes. Fe foi correlacionado com Mn, enquanto fatores de correlação entre Ca e Mg foram relativamente baixos.From January to April 2009, samples of suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) were collected from a well-characterized urban area that is highly impacted by vehicular traffic. The metal concentrations in these samples were determined using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant metals present in TSP and PM 10 , with concentrations higher than 427 ng m -3 . In PM 2.5 , the most abundant metals were Fe and Ca (307 and 60 ng m -3 , respectively), while the concentrations of Mg, Zn and Cu were approximately 20 ng m -3 . For PM 10 and PM 2.5 , high correlations were obtained for Ca, Mg and Al, while the correlation of Ca and Mg with Fe was poor, thereby indicating that Ca, Mg and Al probably originate mainly from the resuspension of dust, while Fe may also be originated from an additional source, such as brake wear. Anthropogenic elements (Zn and Cu) had low correlation factors, suggesting different emission sources. The presence of Cu may be linked to the abrasion of brakes, and Zn may be attributed to tire wear. In fine particles, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu were present in higher ratios than in crustal material. Because these particles are mainly observed due to the combustion processes, they may be present in gasoline, oil and lubricants. Fe was correlated with Mn, while correlation factors between Ca and Mg were relatively lower.Keywords: total particulate matter, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , trace meta...

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“…Significant portion of elements in atmospheric aerosols originates from natural sources like desert dust, volcanic dust, re-suspension, biomass burning, etc. (Rodríguez et al 2003;Bukowiecki et al 2011;Handler et al 2008;Paris et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

Đorđević

Buha

Stortini

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Size and composition of particulate emissions from motor vehicles in the Kaisermühlen-Tunnel, Vienna

Cited by 139 publications

References 35 publications

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Trace metals in the urban aerosols of Rio de Janeiro city

Mass distributions and morphological and chemical characterization of urban aerosols in the continental Balkan area (Belgrade)

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