Size and Developability of Latent Image Specks

Konstantinov, Igor S.; Malinowski, J.

doi:10.1080/00223638.1975.11737802

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In this study, the approach for the initial nanoparticles growing into larger particles or films was determined mainly by the initial particle diameter. No attempt was made to increase the amount of Au 3+ since according to the Gibbs−Thomson equation, the surface free energy will decrease as the dimensions of particles increase . There-fore, the deposition rate is somewhat slow, regardless of a change of concentration during plating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategy for Preparing Thin Gold Films on Modified Glass Surfaces by Electroless Deposition

et al. 2003

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This paper describes a new strategy for fabricating continuous gold films based on the self-assembly of the gold colloid monolayer on a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified glass slide, followed by electroless plating. Hydroxylamine-mediated reduction was proven as an excellent route to enlargement of immobilized nanoparticles on polymer-coated glass substrates in comparison to formaldehyde-mediated reduction. Au colloidal surface-catalyzed reduction of Au3+ by hydroxylamine exhibited very fast kinetics as monitored and confirmed by UV−vis spectroscopy in real time. The nanoscale morphology of the gold film was dependent on the initial coverage of gold nanoparticles and thermal annealing. Atomic force micrographs further revealed that enlarged particles were neither spherical nor cyclindrical, but highly complex in shape. The gold film thickness and its corresponding surface roughness could be easily controlled by setting the electroless deposition time. X-ray diffraction certified uniformity of deposits with the Au(111) crystallographic structure as the predominant one. No organic contamination during the course of electroless plating was observed as confirmed by both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The stable and continuous gold films were used as electrodes for electrochemical experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategy for Preparing Thin Gold Films on Modified Glass Surfaces by Electroless Deposition

et al. 2003

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“…; however, it is noteworthy that the deposition rate is nonlinear. Such behavior can be clearly expressed by the Gibbs−Thomson equation, which is related to the excess free energy (ΔE) of small metal particle with its dimensions (Γ): , Δ E = 2σ V m /(Γ F ), where V m is the molar volume of the metal, σ is the specific free surface energy of the interface with the electrolyte, and F is the Faraday constant. According to this equation, the surface free energy will decrease as the dimensions of particle increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Surface-Confined Gold Nanoparticles on a (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane-Modified Glass Slide: A Strategy for SPR Substrates

et al. 2001

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The thickness of the gold film and its morphology, including the surface roughness, are very important for getting a good, reproducible response in the SPR technique. Here, we report a novel alternative approach for preparing SPR-active substrates that is completely solution-based. Our strategy is based on self-assembly of the gold colloid monolayer on a (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane-modified glass slide, followed by electroless gold plating. Using this method, the thickness of films can be easily controlled at the nanometer scale by setting the plating time in the same conditions. Surface roughness and morphology of gold films can be modified by both tuning the size of gold nanoparticles and agitation during the plating. Surface evolution of the Au film was followed in real time by UV-vis spectroscopy and in situ SPRS. To assess the surface roughness and electrochemical stability of the Au films, atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used. In addition, the stability of the gold adhesion is demonstrated by three methods. The as-prepared Au films on substrates are reproducible and stable, which allows them to be used as electrodes for electrochemical experiments and as platforms for studying SAMs.

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“…The E ° values estimated in this way are consistent with the E ° values obtained for the various silver species predicted by theory. The behavior of silver grains in photographic emulsions has also been attributed to negative shifts of E ° with decreasing grain size. , However, some of this reactivity data is contradictory. Inexplicably, the same silver clusters that reduce organic chlorides are incapable of reducing water, for example…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subnanometer Silver Clusters Exhibiting Unexpected Electrochemical Metastability on Graphite

2000

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The anodic dissolution of silver particles on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode surfaces is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a discontinuous and granular silver electrodeposit is anodically stripped from HOPG surfaces at a potential of +500 mV vs Ag 0 /Ag + , the number and diameter of silver particles larger than 20 nm in diameter visible by SEM decreases from ∼10 9 cm -2 to zero in 10 min. On these same surfaces, AFM and TEM images acquired at longer times show that silver nanoparticles continue to diminish in size until a high density (∼10 9 cm -2 ) of clusters having a diameter of 0.3-0.6 nm are obtained within 30 min. The coverage of the anodically poised HOPG surface by these subnanometer silver clusters gradually decreases to zero over the course of an hour. SAED analysis confirms the composition of the clusters seen by AFM is FCC silver. A decrease in the coverage of the surface by silver nanoparticles is correlated with an increase in the nucleation overpotential for silver as measured by cyclic voltammetry. Possible origins for the metastability of silver clusters at positive potentials are discussed.

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Size and Developability of Latent Image Specks

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

New Strategy for Preparing Thin Gold Films on Modified Glass Surfaces by Electroless Deposition

New Strategy for Preparing Thin Gold Films on Modified Glass Surfaces by Electroless Deposition

Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Surface-Confined Gold Nanoparticles on a (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane-Modified Glass Slide: A Strategy for SPR Substrates

Subnanometer Silver Clusters Exhibiting Unexpected Electrochemical Metastability on Graphite

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