Size and location of the fetal diaphragm during the fetal period in human fetuses

Malas, Mehmet Ali; Evcil, Emine Hilal; Desdicioğlu, Kadir

doi:10.1007/s00276-007-0179-3

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An increase in the CO diameter with fetal age has been reported in previous studies. 10 On the other hand, we did not find a linear increase in the diameters of CO and FVHs of 13 cases with fetal age ( Table 2). We believe this finding may be related to the variability in the number of HVs and to HVs opening into the IVC within the diaphragm rather than joining the IVC beneath the diaphragm.…”

Section: Variations Of Hepatic Veins Opening Into the Inferior Vena Cavamentioning

confidence: 63%

Review of 13 fetal cases with hepatic veins opening variously into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm

Evcil¹

2009

Anatomy

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Venous blood of the liver drains to the inferior vena cava (IVC) via the hepatic veins (HVs).1 Usually a total of three HVs leave the liver though numerical variations is not uncommon. AbstractObjectives: We aimed to investigate the 13 fetal cases with hepatic veins opening variously into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm. Methods:The study was carried out on 13 human fetuses (seven males and six females) aged between 21-40 weeks of gestation. The diaphragm, foramina on the diaphragm, inferior vena cava and the hepatic veins were exposed by thoracoabdominal dissections. In 13 fetal materials, variations in the foramina of the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava on the undersurface of the diaphragm were observed. Results:In 13 fetal materials, the hepatic veins did not directly open into the inferior vena cava but formed accessory foramen/foramina on the undersurface of the diaphragm and joined the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm. Accompanying the caval opening, there were 1-3 accessory foramina on the inferior but not superior surface of the diaphragm in 13 cases.A single hepatic vein in nine cases, two hepatic veins in two cases and three hepatic veins in two cases were found to open into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm.Conclusion: Physicians and researchers should be aware of the fact that during the fetal period, hepatic veins can open into the inferior vena cava with different ways within the diaphragm. These variations need to be taken into consideration in evaluating the caval opening on the diaphragm during obstetric ultrasonography and surgical interventions in the prenatal period.

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Section: Variations Of Hepatic Veins Opening Into the Inferior Vena Cavamentioning

confidence: 63%

Review of 13 fetal cases with hepatic veins opening variously into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm

Evcil¹

2009

Anatomy

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“…Sonographically, the diaphragm appears as a thin, dark, arched line; it usually shows a dome on each side, where the right side seems higher than the left side. However, recent anatomical studies 3 did not find any difference between the height of the left and the right diaphragmatic domes. The costodiaphragmatic recess is most commonly located at the level of the 9th rib.…”

Section: Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The costodiaphragmatic recess is most commonly located at the level of the 9th rib. 3 The function of the diaphragm, namely breathing, has been the subject of extensive ultrasound research. As early as the 1970s, ultrasound studies of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) in human fetuses showed that their presence was indicative of well-being, while the absence of FBM, though less reliably, was a sign of pregnancy disorder.…”

Section: Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fetal Thorax

Božanović¹,

Ljubić²

2016

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…There are several studies on fetal biometry for people living in Turkiye [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, there is no standard chart of each fetal biometric parameter for the Turkish population, especially for the Central Anatolian population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Biometric Parameter Reference Charts of a Central Anatolian Turkish Population

Dulger,

Taser,

Osmanoglu

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Purpose: The assessment of fetal biometry using ultrasound provides accurate pregnancy dating and also screening of fetal growth. Fetal biometry, which is common practice in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, is fetal morphometry, which involves taking measurements of the different anatomical body parts. These fetal dimensions vary on ethnicity. The aim of this study is to demonstrate fetal biometric parameters measurement results of the Central Anatolia Turkish population with detailed percentile tables and graphs to screen fetal growth more accurately.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 1132 fetuses (47% girl, and 53% boy) between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation. Biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) measurements are performed in a standardized manner every gestational week. BPD and HC were measured at the level of the thalami on the horizontal plane of the fetal head. HC was measured using the ellipse method. AC measurement was taken at the circular cross-section of the upper fetal abdomen. FL was measured along with the ossified diaphysis of the femur. All measurements were taken in millimeters.Results: Pregnant women's mean age was 27.58 , and the mean body mass index was 27.68 (15.06-50.78) as demographic data. 38.13% of women had their first, 29.74% had their second, and 32.13% had three or more gestations within our study. Percentile data of fetuses for each parameter (BPD, HC, AC, and FL) and for each week were shown as tables and percentile graphics. Fetal 50th percentile measurements were compared between our study and other studies from different countries. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that BPD (p = 0.827), HC (p = 0.808), AC (p = 0.846), and FL (p = 0.725) values have a statistically similar mean in all studies. Hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that our results for BPD, HC, AC, and FL percentile curves have been found closer to Italian population results. However, our results were statistically different from Asian, Nigerian, non-Hispanic American, and Brazilian populations for each of the different parameters. Conclusion:The specialization of fetal biometric charts for a particular population can ensure a more accurate assessment of fetal growth rate. We showed fetal biometric percentile tables and graphics of the Central Anatolian Turkish population in this study. These results may provide a valuable contribution to obstetrical practice. Further studies can be conducted in different regions of Turkiye, thus comparisons could be possible over the country.

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Size and location of the fetal diaphragm during the fetal period in human fetuses

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Review of 13 fetal cases with hepatic veins opening variously into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm

Review of 13 fetal cases with hepatic veins opening variously into the inferior vena cava within the diaphragm

The Fetal Thorax

Fetal Biometric Parameter Reference Charts of a Central Anatolian Turkish Population

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