Size and Semiconducting Effects on the Piezoelectric Performances of ZnO Nanowires Grown onto Gravure-Printed Seed Layers on Flexible Substrates

Garcia, Andrés Jenaro Lopez; Jalabert, Thomas; Pusty, Manojit; Defoor, Viktor; Mescot, Xavier; Montanino, Maria; Sico, Giuliano; Loffredo, F.; Villani, Fulvia; Nenna, Giuseppe; Ardila, Gustavo

doi:10.3390/nanoenergyadv2020008

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The resulting inhomogeneity is generally believed to be detrimental to the piezoelectrical properties of the sample. Conversely, a continuous coating of uniformly shaped and highly oriented structures is seen as desirable [ 71 ]. Such a uniform and oriented coating was obtained on the silicon substrates used to verify the growth conditions (see Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet-of-Things Applications

et al. 2022

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Recently, an unprecedented growth in the internet of things (IoT) is being observed, which is becoming the main driver for the entire semiconductor industry. Reliable maintenance and servicing of the IoT is becoming challenging, knowing that the IoT nodes outnumber the human population by a factor of seven. Energy harvesting (EH) can overcome those difficulties, delivering the energy-autonomous IoT nodes to the market. EH converts natural or waste energies (vibrations, heat losses, air flows, light, etc.) into useful energy. This article explores the performance of ZnO nanowires under mechanical actuation to characterize their piezoelectric performance. ZnO nanowires were fabricated using ALD and a subsequent chemical bath growth. AISI 301 steel was used as a substrate of the EH device to better fit the mechanical requirements for the piezoelectric generator. We determined that a thin layer of another oxide below ZnO provides outstanding adhesion. The samples were submitted under repetitive mechanical stress in order to characterize the output piezovoltage for different conditions. They exhibited a piezoelectric signal which was stable after hundreds of actuations. This shows good promise for the use of our device based on ZnO, an Earth-abundant and non-toxic material, as an alternative to the conventional and popular but harmful and toxic PZT. The designed measurement setup demonstrated that a AISI 301 steel substrate coated with ZnO deposited by ALD and grown in a chemical bath has promising performance as a piezoelectric material. Characterized ZnO samples generate up to 80 nJ of energy during 55 second runs under matched load conditions, which is sufficient to supply a modern IoT node.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet-of-Things Applications

et al. 2022

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“…The resulting inhomogeneity is generally believed detrimental to piezoelectrical properties of the sample. Conversely, a continuous coating of uniformly-shaped and highly-oriented structures is seen as desirable [67]. Such a uniform and oriented coating was obtained on silicon substrates used to verify growth conditions (see Fig.…”

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet of Things Applications

Wlazło¹,

Haras²,

Kołodziej³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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he present experiment concerns deposition of ZnO by ALD and subsequent growth of nanowires by chemical bath. We used a novel AISI 301 steel substrate with mechanical parameters that make it suitable to use as a piezoelectric component in an energy harvesting device. We found out that a thin layer of another oxide below ZnO provides outstanding adhesion. Without it, ZnO exhibits island growth and is mechanically unstable. Such prepared samples were placed under repeated mechanical stress. They showed a piezoelectric signal which is stable after hundreds of actuations. This shows good promise for use of our device based on ZnO, an earth-abundant and non-toxic material, as an alternative to widespread in piezo components but environmentally unfriendly PZT. The piezo layers generated enough power for operations performed by a IoT chip. The designed measurement setup allowed for the demonstration of an application of AISI 301 steel substrate coated with ZnO by atomic layer and chemical bath deposition techniques as a piezoelectric component capable of generating energies usable in Internet of Things applications.

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“…Thus, it is necessary to control not only the electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the AZO thin film, but also its structural properties in order to boost the piezoelectric performance. While many research studies have shown that the AZO thin film exhibits relevant properties as a transparent electrode that can be used in many applications, there are only very few reports on its usage in piezoelectric applications, especially through its combination with ZnO NWs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many research studies have shown that the AZO thin film exhibits relevant properties as a transparent electrode that can be used in many applications, there are only very few reports on its usage in piezoelectric applications, especially through its combination with ZnO NWs. 25 In this work, we study the possibility of using AZO thin films as an ecofriendly bottom electrode for ZnO NW-based mechanical energy transducers. These transducers can be used in energy harvesting and sensing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the AZO Electrode on ZnO Nanowire Growth by PLI-MOCVD and Related Piezoelectric Performance: Implications for Mechanical Energy Transducers

Bui

Consonni

Boubenia

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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We investigate the impact of the aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as an ecofriendly bottom electrode for ZnO nanowire-based mechanical energy transducers. The AZO electrode is grown using atomic layer deposition, followed by the growth of ZnO nanowires (NWs) using pulsed-liquid injection metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The Al dopant concentration is varied to obtain AZO thin films with different morphologies, structural orientations, and electrical properties. Depending on the AZO thin film used as the growth platform, the ZnO NW arrays can have a random or vertical alignment. This in turn affects their piezoelectric performance analyzed by piezoresponse force microscopy. Interestingly, the piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of ZnO NWs grown on the AZO thin films (4.6–5.4 pm/V) is higher compared to those grown directly on the heavily doped Si substrate (3–3.8 pm/V) with a similar electrical resistivity. The average optical transmittance of a quartz substrate/AZO thin film/ZnO NW structure is found to be 81.2% in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm. The structural and piezoelectric properties of ZnO NWs and their correlation with the AZO thin films used as growth platforms are discussed in detail and open some perspectives to fabricate transparent piezoelectric devices using ecofriendly materials and scaled-up chemical deposition techniques compatible with industrial requirements.

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Size and Semiconducting Effects on the Piezoelectric Performances of ZnO Nanowires Grown onto Gravure-Printed Seed Layers on Flexible Substrates

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet-of-Things Applications

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet-of-Things Applications

Piezoelectric Response and Substrate Effect of ZnO Nanowires for Mechanical Energy Harvesting in Internet of Things Applications

Influence of the AZO Electrode on ZnO Nanowire Growth by PLI-MOCVD and Related Piezoelectric Performance: Implications for Mechanical Energy Transducers

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