Size and shape sorting in a Dutch tidal inlet

Value], [No; Veenstra, H.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1974.tb01784.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The amount of deposited mud in the basin becomes twice as high compared with the reference computation due to net mud erosion from the nearby intertidal areas. The importance of this mechanism is qualitatively in line with the observations of Winkelmolen and Veenstra (1974). Based on a grain size analysis, they conclude that the muddy sediments in the main channel near the Lauwerszee are similar to those at the nearby intertidal area in the basin.…”

Section: Thickness Of the Deposited Mud Layerssupporting

confidence: 70%

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Modelling sand–mud morphodynamics in the Friesche Zeegat

et al. 2006

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The objective of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the predictive capabilities of a process-based sand-mud model in a quantitative way. This recently developed sand-mud model bridges the gap between noncohesive sand models and cohesive mud models. It explicitly takes into account the interaction between these two sediment fractions and temporal and spatial bed composition changes in the sediment bed [Van Ledden (2002) 5:577-594, Van Ledden et al. (2004a) 24:1-11, Van Ledden et al. (2004b. The application of this model to idealized situations has demonstrated a good qualitative agreement between observed and computed bed levels and bed composition developments. However, in real-life situations, a realistic quantitative prediction of the magnitude and timescale of this response is important to assess the short-term and long-term impacts of human interventions and/or natural changes. For this purpose, the Friesche Zeegat in the Wadden Sea (the Netherlands) is used as a reference to hindcast the morphological response in the period 1970-1994. Due to the closure of the Lauwerszee in 1969, the tidal prism of this tidal basin was reduced by about 30%. Significant changes in the bed level and bed composition have occurred in the decades following the closure to adjust to the new hydrodynamic conditions. We modeled the long-term bed level and bed composition development in the Friesche Zeegat in the period 1970-1994 starting with the geometry of 1970 by using a research version of Delft3D, which incorporates the sand-mud formulations proposed by [Van Ledden (2002) 5:577-594].The computed total net deposition in the tidal basin in the period 1970-1994 agrees well with the observations, but the observed decrease of the import rate with time is not predicted. The model predicts net deposition in the deeper parts and at the intertidal area in the basin and net erosion in between, which resembles the observations qualitatively. Furthermore, the computed distribution of sand and mud in the basin of the Friesche Zeegat appears to be realistic. Analysis of the results shows that the absence of the decreasing import rate in the basin is caused by a poor quantitative prediction of the changes in the hypsometry of the basin. Because of this, the computed velocity asymmetry in the main channel tends toward flood dominance, whereas the observations indicate that the system is ebb-dominant in 1992. Although the sand-mud model needs to be further improved and verified, the results presented in this paper indicate that the model can be applied as a first step to estimate the effects of human interventions on the large-scale bed level and bed composition changes in tidal systems with sand and mud.

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Section: Thickness Of the Deposited Mud Layerssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Hence, these areas may have functioned as a source of mud (see Winkelmolen and Veenstra 1974;Oost 1995). This mud source was not taken into account in the reference computation because the initial bed consisted of sand only.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling sand–mud morphodynamics in the Friesche Zeegat

et al. 2006

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estuaries and coastal seas are characterized by strong morphological and sedimentary gradients, from shallow beaches and intertidal shoals or flats, to deeper foreshore and channel areas or other subtidal features. Furthermore, the sediment composition at a given site may vary widely in both particle size and mineralogy (Flemming & Ziegler, 1995; Son et al., 2011; Winkelmolen & Veenstra, 1974). The size and material properties of mud (aka “fines” or “fine sediment”) and sand are different: sand particles are individual quasi‐spherical grains (with typical density ρ s = 2,650 kg/m 3 for quartz particles), between 63 and 2,000 μm in diameter, d .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Composition of Sand and Mud Suspensions in Coastal and Estuarine Environments Using Combined Optical and Acoustic Measurements

et al. 2021

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Quantifying and characterizing suspended sediment is essential to successful monitoring and management of estuaries and coastal environments. To quantify suspended sediment, optical and acoustic backscatter instruments are often used. Optical backscatter systems are more sensitive to mud particles (< 63µm) and flocs, whereas acoustic Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Confidential manuscript submitted to JGR-Oceans allows us to estimate whether there are more sand or mud particles floating through the water. The relationship between "seeing" and "hearing" can be described in a single number, the sediment composition index (SCI). We successfully tested this approach in laboratory experiments and then applied it to a site on the coast of the Netherlands. This approach gives us a new way to understand environments that are both sandy and muddy.

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“…The material consists of locally reworked Pleistocene material selected, transported and imported into the Wadden Sea by marine processes (e.g. Baak, 1936; Crommelin, 1940; Winkelmolen & Veenstra, 1974, 1980; Mulder, 2000; Hoselmann & Streif, 2004). The same conclusion was reached with regard to the sands in the estuaries of the provinces of North and South Holland and Zeeland (Baak, 1936; van Veen, 1936; Crommelin, 1951).…”

Section: Marine and Estuarine Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Griffioen

Klaver

Westerhoff

2016

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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Minerals are the building blocks of clastic sediments and play an important role with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the sediment and the lithostratigraphy of sediments. This paper aims to provide an overview of the mineralogy (including solid organic matter) of sediments as well as suspended matter as found in the Netherlands (and some parts of Belgium). The work is based on a review of the scientific literature published over more than 100 years. Cenozoic sediments are addressed together with suspended matter and recent sediments of the surface water systems because they form a geoscientific continuum from material subject to transport via recently settled to aged material. Most attention is paid to heavy minerals, clay minerals, feldspars, Ca carbonates, reactive Fe minerals (oxides, siderite, sulphides, glauconite) and solid organic matter because they represent the dominant minerals and their properties form a main issue in subsurface and water management. When possible and relevant, the amounts, provenance, relationship with grain size distribution, early diagenesis and palaeohydrological evolution are described. Tables with statistical data about the mineral contents and isotopic composition of carbonates and organic matter are presented as overviews. The review on the mineralogy of Dutch fluvial and marine environments is more extensive than that for the other sedimentary environments because the first two have been studied much more intensively than the others and they also form the larger part of the Dutch deposits. The focus is on the natural background mineralogy of Dutch sediments, but this is hard for recent sediments, largely because the massive hydraulic infrastructure present in the Netherlands has probably also affected the mineralogy and geochemistry of sediments deposited in recent centuries. Many findings are summarised, several of which lead to more general insights for the Dutch situation. Ca carbonates in sediments often have several provenances and thus must be considered as mixtures. Dolomite is commonly present in addition to calcite. The importance of biotite as weatherable mica is unclear. Weathering of heavy minerals plays some role but it is unclear in which way it affects the heavy mineral associations. Clays are usually dominated by illite, smectite and their interstratified variant, while kaolinite is usually below 20% and chlorite below 5%. Vermiculite is a minor constituent in fluvial clays and its illitisation presumably happens during early diagenesis in the marine environment. Opaque Fe hydroxides can be present in addition to Fe oxyhydroxide coatings and both will play a role in redox chemistry as reactive Fe minerals. Feldspars in marine sediments must be present but they have not been properly studied. The genesis of rattle stones and carbonate concretions has not been completely elucidated. The fraction of terrigeneous organic matter in estuarine and coastal marine sediments is substantial. The available data and information are spread irregularly over the country and the reviewed information discussed in this paper is derived from relatively small-scale studies dealing with a limited amount of analysed samples. Much information is available from the Scheldt estuaries in the southwestern part of the Netherlands partly due to the severe contamination of the Western Scheldt in recent decades.

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Size and shape sorting in a Dutch tidal inlet

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Modelling sand–mud morphodynamics in the Friesche Zeegat

Modelling sand–mud morphodynamics in the Friesche Zeegat

Characterizing the Composition of Sand and Mud Suspensions in Coastal and Estuarine Environments Using Combined Optical and Acoustic Measurements

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

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