Size at birth, maternal nutritional status in pregnancy, and blood pressure at age 17: population based analysis

Laor, Arie; Stevenson, David K.; Shemer, Jeoshua; Gale, Rena; Seidman, Daniel S.

doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7106.449

Cited by 104 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The registry's design and methods have been described in detail elsewhere and it has been used for clinical and epidemiologic research in schizophrenia (Harlap et al, 1977;Lichtenberg et al, 1999). In the past decade, studies using the Jerusalem Perinatal Study, linked to other databases in Israel, showed that the offspring' identification numbers, sex, birth dates, and basic demographic information, including parental ages, were more than 99.9% accurate (Lichtenberg et al, 1999;Laor et al, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal household crowding during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of schizophrenia

Kimhy

Harlap

Fennig

et al. 2006

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal household crowding during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of schizophrenia

Kimhy

Harlap

Fennig

et al. 2006

Schizophrenia Research

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“…6 -8 In children, some investigators have detected a decrease in systolic BP (SBP) from -1.48 6 to -2.80 mm Hg 7 for each 1-kg increase in birth weight. Alternatively, others have found a weak 9 or no 10,11 relationship of birth weight with BP during adolescence or in adults. Overall, there is, as yet, limited evidence in humans demonstrated by prospective data that birth weight as an indicator of the fetal environment contributes significantly to BP level in later life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Birth Weight on Blood Pressure and Body Size in Early Adolescence

2004

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Abstract-The fetal programming theory that birth weight contributes to blood pressure or body size in later life is examined in this study. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on subjects who were examined as newborns and prospectively interviewed and re-examined at 11 to 14 years old. Low birth weight (Ͻ2500 g) was present in 36% of the sample. The adolescent examination included measurements of blood pressure (BP), both auscultation and oscillometric methods; anthropometrics (height, weight, and body mass index [BMI]); health status; and health behaviors. Data were analyzed on 250 subjects. Correlation coefficients of birth weight with all BP measures were nonsignificant, except for the last auscultated diastolic BP (rϭ0.19, PϽ0.01), which had a positive relationship. The simple correlation coefficients of birth weight with adolescent body size were significant and positive for weight and BMI. After multiple linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, Tanner stage, and gestational age, there was no significant effect of birth weight on adolescent weight or BMI. No significant correlations were detected for ponderal index at birth with adolescent measures. This study, which includes a substantial portion of low-birth-weight cases (36%), indicates that birth weight does not correlate negatively with later BP. These results do not support the low-birth-weight theory and indicate that childhood factors that are more proximal have a greater effect on adolescent BP than intrauterine factors. Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ adolescence C ardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. These disorders emerge from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors and appear to be rooted in childhood. A number of publications have reported data supporting an additional causal theory, in which an interaction of the intrauterine nutritional environment with fetal growth also contributes to expression of cardiovascular disease in later life. According to this theory, an impaired intrauterine environment that deprives the fetus of optimal nutrient delivery programs the fetus to express, in later life, ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke. 1-3 Suboptimal intrauterine nutrition would restrict fetal growth and result in lower birth weight. Thus, low birth weight has become the clinical marker of a suboptimal intrauterine environment and a possible risk factor for future chronic disease.Despite the appeal of this novel hypothesis, it still lacks complete scientific evidence in humans. There is a substantial body of retrospective data from the Barker group 4 and elegant experimental investigations in animals 5 that support the fetal programing theory. However, data from epidemiological and clinical investigations have not consistently supported the theory. A significant inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) has been reported from several studies. 6 -8 In children, some investigators have detected a de...

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“…Several human studies have described a positive correlation between maternal weight and/or adiposity and blood pressure of teenage children (Lawlor et al, 2004;Cho et al, 2000;Laor et al, 1997), leading Boney et al to conclude from their examination of large for gestational age babies and the incidence of childhood metabolic syndrome, that "given the increased obesity prevalence in children exposed to either maternal diabetes or maternal obesity, there are implications for perpetuating the cycle of obesity, insulin resistance, and their consequences in subsequent generations." Few, if any, of the studies in humans include offspring sex as a co-variable (Boney et al, 2005).…”

Section: Maternal Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Developmental Programming of Adult Disease

Gilbert¹,

Banek²

2012

Sex Hormones

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Size at birth, maternal nutritional status in pregnancy, and blood pressure at age 17: population based analysis

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of size at birth, maternal nutrition, and body mass index on blood pressure in late adolescence.

Cited by 104 publications

References 23 publications

Maternal household crowding during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of schizophrenia

Maternal household crowding during pregnancy and the offspring's risk of schizophrenia

Effect of Birth Weight on Blood Pressure and Body Size in Early Adolescence

Sex Differences in the Developmental Programming of Adult Disease

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