Size Dependence of Confined Optical Modes in Photonic Quantum Dots

Reithmaier, J.P.; Rohner, M.; Zull, H.; Schäfer, F. P.; Forchel, A.; Knipp, P. A.; Reinecke, T. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.378

Cited by 136 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar models of the confined dynamics of macroscopic systems appear in other fields, e.g. in the case of an electron gas confined in a quantum well, or optical modes of a photonic microcavity [2]. In all such systems, confined single-particle states are restricted to discrete energies that form a set of eigenmodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coupled-mode theory for Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2000

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We apply the concepts of nonlinear guided-wave optics to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in an external potential. As an example, we consider a parabolic double-well potential and derive coupled-mode equations for the complex amplitudes of the BEC macroscopic collective modes. Our equations describe different regimes of the condensate dynamics, including the nonlinear Josephson effect for any separation between the wells. We demonstrate macroscopic self-trapping for both repulsive and attractive interactions, and confirm our results by numerical simulations.A system of interacting bosons confined within an external potential at zero temperature can be described by a macroscopic wave function having the meaning of an order parameter and satisfying the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation [1]. The GP equation is a nonlinear equation that takes into account the effects of the particle interactions through an effective mean field, and it describes the condensate dynamics in a confined geometry. Similar models of the confined dynamics of macroscopic systems appear in other fields, e.g. in the case of an electron gas confined in a quantum well, or optical modes of a photonic microcavity [2]. In all such systems, confined single-particle states are restricted to discrete energies that form a set of eigenmodes.The physical picture of eigenmodes remains valid in the nonlinear case [3], and nonlinear collective modes correspond to the ground and higher-order (excited) states of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [4]. Moreover, it is possible to observe at least the first excited (antisymmetric) collective mode experimentally [5], through the collapses and revivals in the dynamics of strongly coupled two-component BECs [6]. The interest in the nonground-state collective modes of BECs has grown dramatically with the study of vortex states, very recently successfully created in the experiment [7].The modal structure of the condensate macroscopic (ground and excited) states allows us to draw a deep analogy between BEC in a trap and guided-wave optics, where the concept of nonlinear guided modes is widely used [8]. The physical description of confined condensate dynamics in time is akin to that of stationary beam propagation along a nonlinear optical waveguide, with the BEC chemical potential playing the role of the beam propagation constant. As is well known from nonlinear optics, the guided waves become coupled in the presence of nonlinearity, and the mode coupling can lead to the nonlinear phase shifting between the modes, power exchange, and self-trapping.In this paper, we apply the concepts of nonlinear guided-wave optics to the analysis of mode coupling and intermodal population exchange in trapped BECs. As the most impressive (and also physically relevant) example of the applications of our theory, we consider the BEC dynamics in a harmonic double-well potential, recently discussed in the literature [9]. We study the coupling between the BEC ground-state mode and the first excited (antisymmetric) mode in such a poten...

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confidence: 99%

Coupled-mode theory for Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2000

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“…1b presents several discrete emission lines on the low energy side of the exciton line centered around 1607 meV. The energy of these discrete lines strongly varies with the layer thickness: they are attributed to 0D photon modes [23,24]. Each of these photon modes presents an anticrossing [25,26] with the exciton line characteristic of the strong coupling regime.…”

Section: Demonstration Of the Strong Coupling Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Excitonic Polaritons in Semiconductor Micropillars

et al. 2008

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We describe the physics of cavity polaritons in semiconductor micropillars. Cavity polaritons are exciton-photon entangled states arising from the strong coupling between excitons and the optical modes of a cavity. In micropillars, the photon three-dimensional confinement results in a discrete spectrum of 0D polariton states. Characterization of the linear properties of these micropillars will be presented. Then we will show how this system can be used to generate parametric photons and to obtain polariton lasing.

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“…The phenomenon is a subject of extensive theoretical investigations (see, e.g., [4][5][6][7] and references therein). Experiments in this field include, but are not limited to, studies of modification of the spontaneous emission in the vicinity of a dielectric interface [8], in dielectric slabs [9][10][11][12][13], Fabri-Perot microcavities [14][15][16][17], semiconductor nanostructures [18,19], liquid microdroplets [20], water-in-oil micelles [21], phospholipid bilayers [22,23], and cell membranes [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the Spontaneous Emission of Dye Molecules in Photonic Crystals

et al. 1998

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Modification of the spontaneous emission of dye molecules embedded in artificial opals exhibiting stop bands in the visible range is observed. Molecules embedded in artificial opals show dips in spontaneous emission spectra and modified fluorescence decay kinetics. Results are interpreted in terms of redistribution of the photon density of states. Effects of the multiple reabsorption and reemission of fluorescence photons and interaction of dye molecules with the silica surface are discussed.

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Size Dependence of Confined Optical Modes in Photonic Quantum Dots

Cited by 136 publications

References 20 publications

Coupled-mode theory for Bose-Einstein condensates

Coupled-mode theory for Bose-Einstein condensates

Excitonic Polaritons in Semiconductor Micropillars

Modification of the Spontaneous Emission of Dye Molecules in Photonic Crystals

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