Size-Dependent Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, and Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Solvent Extraction of Rosa indica L. Petals

Abstract

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized through a green approach by employing Rosa indica L. petal (RE) extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, which are extracted using three different solvents: ethanol (Et), acetone (Ac), and water (Aq). The phase formation of the AgNPs is confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological analysis is performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), which reveals that the AgNPs are spherical in shape. The size is estimated using ImageJ software, which is found to be ~12, 18, and 770 nm for RE-Ac-Ag, RE-Et-Ag, and RE-Aq-Ag, respectively. The phytochemicals of Rosa indica L. petals involved in the formation of the AgNPs are studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, these materials are studied for their antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hemolytic activity, as well as cell toxicity properties. The materials, RE-Ac-Ag and RE-Et-Ag, are found to be more effective than RE-Aq-Ag in inhibiting E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). Hemolytic studies reveal that all of the samples show concentration-dependent activity up to 50 µg/mL. RE-Ac-Ag and RE-Et-Ag exhibit nonhemolytic behavior, whereas RE-Aq-Ag remains nonhemolytic until 100 µg/mL. The antidiabetic ability of the AgNPs is evaluated using α-amylase inhibition assay (DNSA assay) and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The results are found to be effective, with IC50 values of α-amylase and α-glycosidase being 50, 50, and 75 µg/mL for RE-Et-Ag, RE-Ac-Ag, and RE-Aq-Ag, respectively. DPPH assay shows that the AgNPs inhibited the antioxidants well, with IC50 values of 40 µg/mL for RE-Et-Ag and RE-Ac-Ag and 60 µg/mL for RE-Aq-Ag. The toxicity study reveals that the AgNPs show size- and concentration-dependent behavior. Overall, it is realized from the findings that RE-Ac-Ag, RE-Et-Ag, and RE-Aq-Ag show size-dependent antibacterial, antidiabetic, and toxicity properties.

Effect of Size, Shape and Surface Functionalization on the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles

“…Another example of plant derivatives as reducing and stabilizing agents was presented by Balu et al using Rosa Indica petal extracts [57]. In this case, AgNPs with different sizes were tested by changing the solvent of the extraction (12 or 18 nm using acetone or ethanol respectively, and 770 nm using water), and as expected, the smallest nanoparticles showed the highest antibacterial properties against both E. coli and S. aureus.…”

Plant mediated fabrication of silver nanoparticles, process optimization, and impact on tomato plant

“…The FTIR analysis reveals the involvement of alkanes, alkynes, amines, carboxylic groups 61 , methylene 62 , and various other biomolecules in reducing and stabilizing green synthesized silver nanoparticles 63 . Biomolecules extracted in different solvents make changes in size, shape, stability, and peaks of FTIR spectra, demonstrating the significance of the extraction method and solvent type 64 . XRD pattern and SEM analysis of AgNPs synthesized by Neem and other plants suggested the synthesis of crystalline structure spherical silver nanoparticles [65][66][67] .…”

Recent Advances in Adsorptive Nanocomposite Membranes for Heavy Metals Ion Removal from Contaminated Water: A Comprehensive Review

“…There are several findings in the literature of silver nanoparticles interacting with pollutants including Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cr 2+ , and so on [ 37 , 98 ]. In terms of adsorbent performance, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit favorable performance due to their superior physicochemical characteristics AgNPs have a high catalytic activity, biocompatible, have a good sorption potential because of their large surface area, in addition to the fact that they are easily separable and reusable [ 99 , 100 ]. Using a wet chemical approach, Attatsi et al investigated how effective silver nanoparticles were in removing heavy metal ions from groundwater over a period ranging from one to fourteen days.…”