Size-dependent bioactivity of electrosprayed core–shell chitosan-alginate particles for protein delivery

Abstract

Nano-bio interactions are size-dependent. The present study investigates whether core–shell chitosan-alginate particle size governs biological activities as well as protein release profile. A coaxial electrospraying was used to fabricate bovine serum albumin (BSA)-loaded core–shell micro/nanoparticles and were fully characterized. The bio/hemocompatibility of the particles was assessed using MTT and hemolytic assays, respectively, followed by the uptake assessment using flow cytometry. Finally, protein absorption was investigated using SDS-PAGE. The SEM size of the microparticles, the hydrodynamic, and the actual sizes of the nanoparticles were 1.2 μm, 90.49 nm, and 50 nm, respectively. Interactions among two polymers and BSA were observed using DSC analysis. BET analysis showed a more surface area for nanoparticles. A sustained release trend of BSA was observed after 14- and 10-day for microparticles and nanoparticles, respectively. Microparticles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility (< 5% hemolysis) and cell viability (at least > 70%) in all concentrations. However, acceptable hemolytic activity and cell viability were observed for nanoparticles in concentrations below 250 μg/mL. Furthermore, nanoparticles showed greater cellular uptake (~ 4 folds) and protein absorption (~ 1.61 folds) than microparticles. Overall, the developed core–shell chitosan-alginate particles in the micro/nanoscale can be promising candidates for biomedical application and regenerative medicine regarding their effects on above mentioned biological activities.

pNIPAm-Based pH and Thermoresponsive Copolymer Hydrogel for Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drug Delivery

“…These results confirm that the pNIPAm-co-pGMA-Mela hydrogel has a negligible hemolysis rate that is lower than the permissible range (5%) of hemolysis [ 39 ]. The observed result is similar to previously reported results in the literature [ 40 , 41 ]. These results further indicate that the developed pNIPAm-co-pGMA-Mela hydrogel is hemocompatible and has the potential to be an efficient drug delivery system for the administration of hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic drugs in drug delivery applications [ 42 , 43 ].…”

“…For this functionalization process, about 0.5 g of pNIPAm-co-pGMA copolymer was dissolved in a reaction flask containing methanol (50 mL). To this end, 0.35 g (2.3 mmol) of melamine in methanol (5 mL) was added and magnetically stirred at 50 • C for 24 h [41][42][43]. After the reaction was completed, the obtained mixture was precipitated in diethyl ether and dried at 50 • C. The product was named pNIPAm-co-pGMA-Mela copolymer hydrogel (Scheme 1, Step 2).…”

Modulation the Synergistic Effect of Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles with Ca2+: Enhancing the Stability of Pickering Emulsion on D-Limonene

“…The absorption bands at 1028 cm −1 were the characteristic bands of C-O-C groups [22,40,41]. In the FTIR spectra of the CS and SA complexes, the absorption peaks of the amide group (1650 cm −1 and 1600 cm −1 ) and carboxylate group (1619 cm −1 ) disappeared due to the electrostatic interaction between the −NH 3+ and −COOions, also indicating that polyelectrolyte complexes were successfully formed [42]. By comparing the spectrum of SA, the stretching vibration peak of OHmoved to 3453 cm −1 and the peak was sharper and more intense, as well as the stretching vibration peak of COO − moved to 1702 cm −1 -1643 cm −1 in the higher band, which was due to the cross-linking between CaCl 2 and the GG segment of SA, forming an "eggshell" structure.…”

Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Paracetamol Adsorbent

“…Fig. 1(b) shows characteristic peaks at 3450, 1647, 1419 and 1028 cm −1 , which shows the stretching of the -NH and -OH groups, the primary amine (-NH 2 ) bending vibration, -CH 2 and C-O-C stretching vibrations of chitosan [19][20][21]. [22].…”