Size-Dependent Crush Analysis of Lithium Orthosilicate Pebbles

Annabattula, Ratna Kumar; Kolb, M.H.H.; Gan, Yixiang; Rolli, R.; Kamlah, Marc

doi:10.13182/fst13-737

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, to complement the results of p-XRD, ESR spectrometry and the TSL technique, the mechanical proper-ties and the microstructure of the advanced Li4 SiO4 pebbles before and after irradiation were studied by uniaxial compressive crush load tests and SEM, respectively. The crush load is dependent on the pebble size [29] and thus only mono-sized pebbles with diam-eters of 500 or 1000 m were analysed. 40 individual pebbles were used to determine the average crush load for each sample and the results for the Li4 SiO4 pebbles with different contents of Li2 TiO3 , both before and after irradiation, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of advanced tritium breeder pebbles under simultaneous action of accelerated electrons and high temperature

Zariņš

Leys

Ķizāne

et al. 2017

Fusion Engineering and Design

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h i g h l i g h t s • Irradiation temperature affects accumulation of radiation-induced defects (RD) and radiolysis products (RP). • With an increasing content of Li2 TO3 in the advanced pebbles, the concentration of accumulated RD and RP decreases. • The accumulated RD and RP annihilates around 423-773 K. • Mechanical properties of the advanced pebbles practically do not change after irradiation. Advanced lithium orthosilicate (Li4 SiO4) pebbles with additions of lithium metatitanate (Li2 TiO3) as a secondary phase are suggested as a potential source for tritium breeding in future nuclear fusion reactors. The advanced Li4 SiO4 pebbles with different contents of Li2 TiO3 were examined before and after simultaneous action of 5 MeV accelerated electron beam (dose rate: up to 10 MGy h −1) and high temperature (up to 1120 K) in a dry argon atmosphere. The accumulated radiation-induced defects (RD) and radiolysis products (RP) were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) technique. The phase transitions were studied with powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD). The microstructure and mechanical strength of the pebbles, before and after irradiation, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and comprehensive crush load tests. The obtained results revealed that the irradiation temperature has a significant impact on the accumulation of RD and RP in the advanced Li4 SiO4 pebbles, and with an increasing content of Li2 TiO3 , the concentration of accumulated paramagnetic RD and RP decreases. Major changes in the mechanical strength, microstructure and phase composition of the advanced pebbles were not detected after irradiation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of advanced tritium breeder pebbles under simultaneous action of accelerated electrons and high temperature

Zariņš

Leys

Ķizāne

et al. 2017

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…The less variance in maximum elastic strain energy than the breakage stress implies that the stored maximum elastic strain energy can be a replacement as a breakage criterion. In particular, for regular-shaped particles, of which maximum elastic energy can be obtained analytically by integrating the Hertzian contact force for assessing the particle breakage [67][68]. We further compare the maximum 𝐸 T and 𝐸 V during the compression process of rotational point tests for both LBS and ellipsoid particles in Fig.…”

Section: Energetic Analysis Of Particle Breakagementioning

confidence: 99%

An FDEM study of particle breakage under rotational point loading

Wei

Zhao

Dias-da-Costa

et al. 2019

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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“…Refs. [6,[8][9][10][11], but no validation has set any model apart as yet. Here, packed beds experience artificial pebble-crushing events for which a chosen percentage, η, of initial pebbles (at randomized locations) fragment.…”

Section: Modeling Crush Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study on influences of bed resettling, breeding zone orientation, and purge gas on temperatures in solid breeders

Lew¹,

Ying²,

Abdou³

2016

Fusion Engineering and Design

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We apply coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) modeling tools with new numerical implementations of pebble fragmentation to study the combined effects of granular crushing and ensemble restructuring, granular fragment size, and initial packing for different breeder volume configurations. In typical solid breeder modules, heat removal from beds relies on maintaining pebblepebble and pebble-wall contact integrity. However, contact is disrupted when an ensemble responds to individually-crushed pebbles. Furthermore, restructuring of metastable packings after crushing events are, in part, dependent on gravity forces acting upon the pebbles. We investigate two representative pebble bed configurations under constant volumetric heat sources; modeling heat removed from beds via inter-particle conduction, purge gas convection, and contact between pebble beds and containers. In one configuration, heat is removed from at walls oriented parallel to the gravity vector (no gap formation possible); in the second, heat is removed at walls perpendicular to gravity, allowing for the possibility of gap formation between bed and wall. Judging beds on increase in maximum temperatures as a function of crushed pebble amount, we find that both pebble bed configurations to have advantageous features that manifest at different stages of pebble crushing. However, all configurations benefit from achieving high initial packing fractions.

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Size-Dependent Crush Analysis of Lithium Orthosilicate Pebbles

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Behaviour of advanced tritium breeder pebbles under simultaneous action of accelerated electrons and high temperature

Behaviour of advanced tritium breeder pebbles under simultaneous action of accelerated electrons and high temperature

An FDEM study of particle breakage under rotational point loading

Numerical study on influences of bed resettling, breeding zone orientation, and purge gas on temperatures in solid breeders

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