Size-dependent particulate matter indoor/outdoor relationships for a wind-induced naturally ventilated airspace

Liao, Chung‐Min; Huang, Su-Jui; Yu, Hongbin

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.09.015

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In favor of differential infiltration behavior of dust particles with different origin are the results presented by Meng et al [2007], who showed that infiltration factors for PM2.5 originating from primary combustion, secondary formation and mechanical formation differ significantly, being much higher for the first two groups of particles. The obtained range of variations of the ratio χ indoor / χ outdoor may be compared to the widely studied PM 10 mass indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio [ Thatcher and Layton , 1995; Jones et al , 2000; Liao et al , 2003, 2004]. This similarity suggests that magnetic fraction in indoor and outdoor dusts obeys the same behavior as the major mineral dust components, contributing to the amount of PM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Jordanova

Lanos

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Settled indoor and outdoor dusts in urban environment represent an important source of secondary pollution. Magnetic characteristics of the settled dust from six cities in Bulgaria are explored, allowing comparison on a national (country) scale. Monthly variations of the mass-specific magnetic susceptibilities (c indoor ) and (c outdoor ) and calculated dust loading rates for a period of 17 months do not show seasonal variability, probably due to the dominant role of traffic-related emissions and soil-derived particles in the settled dust. The main magnetic mineral is magnetite, present as spherules and irregular particles of pseudo-singledomain grain sizes. Systematically lower remanence coercivities are obtained for outdoor dusts when compared with the corresponding indoor samples, implying that penetration of smaller particles of ambient origin indoors is the main source of the indoor dust. Mean yearly values of the ratio (c indoor /c outdoor ) for each city show statistically significant correlation with mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. This ratio reveals the source-and site-specific importance of the anthropogenically derived toxicogenic fraction. Heavy metal content of the settled dust is related to the contribution from several pollution sources (soil-derived, combustion and industrial), discriminated through analysis of principal components. SEM/EDX analyses reveal abundant presence of anthopogenic Fe-containing spherules, irregular particles and diesel exhaust conglomerates. High molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) dominate the total PAH content of the outdoor dust samples. The observed linear correlation between total PAH content, coercivity of remanence and the ratio M rs /c suggest either adsorption of PAHs on iron oxide particles and especially magnetite, or emission related increase in total PAH concentration along with a decrease of effective magnetic grain size of the accompanying magnetic fraction. Jordanova, D., N. Jordanova, P. Lanos, P. Petrov, and T. Tsacheva (2012), Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality, Geochem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Jordanova

Lanos

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Several modeling studies of indoor/outdoor relationships of fine particles have been presented in the literature, addressing issues such as contaminant penetration of indoor environment and corresponding particle size dependence. ( 52–54 ) The Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) application ( 55 ) provides distributions of air exchange rates for different types of residential microenvironments, while other models and databases provide distributions for air exchange rates for general nonresidential microenvironments ( 56 ) and vehicle microenvironments. ( 57 )…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Modeling of Emergency Events: Assessing the Impact of Hypothetical Releases of Anthrax

2008

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A modular system for source-to-dose-to-effect modeling analysis has been developed based on the modeling environment for total risk studies (MENTOR),(1) and applied to study the impacts of hypothetical atmospheric releases of anthrax spores. The system, MENTOR-2E (MENTOR for Emergency Events), provides mechanistically consistent analysis of inhalation exposures for various release scenarios, while allowing consideration of specific susceptible subpopulations (such as the elderly) at the resolution of individual census tracts. The MENTOR-2E application presented here includes atmospheric dispersion modeling, statistically representative samples of individuals along with corresponding activity patterns, and population-based dosimetry modeling that accounts for activity and physiological variability. Two hypothetical release scenarios were simulated: a 100 g release of weaponized B. anthracis over a period of (a) one hour and (b) 10 hours, and the impact of these releases on population in the State of New Jersey was studied. Results were compared with those from simplified modeling of population dynamics (location, activities, etc.), and atmospheric dispersion of anthrax spores. The comparisons showed that in the two release scenarios simulated, each major approximation resulted in an overestimation of the number of probable infections by a factor of 5 to 10; these overestimations can have significant public health implications when preparing for and responding effectively to an actual release. This is in addition to uncertainties in dose-response modeling, which result in an additional factor of 5 to 10 variation in estimated casualties. The MENTOR-2E system has been developed in a modular fashion so that improvements in individual modules can be readily made without impacting the other modules, and provides a first step toward the development of models that can be used in supporting real-time decision making.

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“…14,15 Further investigation results have indicated that indoor PM 2.5 concentrations could be dominated by outdoor sources in the absence of significant indoor particle sources from smoking and cooking, etc. 7,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Therefore, understanding of the relationships between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations is important to control the indoor PM 2.5 pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/outdoor relationship of PM_2.5 concentration in typical buildings with and without air cleaning in Beijing

Deng

Wang

et al. 2016

Indoor and Built Environment

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Indoor and outdoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) concentrations were monitored in seven sampling sites: basketball stadium, hotel, shopping centre, research centre, commercial office, apartment building and villa, to determine the indoor and outdoor relationship of PM 2.5 mass concentration in the central area of Beijing from February 2014 to March 2014. The influence of four types of ventilation systems on indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratio of PM 2.5 concentration was evaluated. The measured results show that the mean I/O ratio of the seven locations was 0.36 when the outdoor PM 2.5 concentration was more than 150 mg/m 3 , and 1.1 when the outdoor PM 2.5 concentration was less than 100 mg/m 3 , which implies that people's activities could be the most likely factor rather than outdoor sources for elevated indoor PM 2.5 levels. The average I/O ratio was 0.69 for public buildings and 0.94 for residential homes, which illustrates that indoor PM 2.5 concentrations could be dominated by outdoor sources for residential homes. Approximately 90% of the outdoor particles were removed in public buildings equipped with fan-coil unit with air cleaning plus fresh air system. The results demonstrate the need to improve indoor air quality by using a proper ventilation system with air cleaning.

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Size-dependent particulate matter indoor/outdoor relationships for a wind-induced naturally ventilated airspace

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Mechanistic Modeling of Emergency Events: Assessing the Impact of Hypothetical Releases of Anthrax

Indoor/outdoor relationship of PM_2.5 concentration in typical buildings with and without air cleaning in Beijing

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Size-dependent particulate matter indoor/outdoor relationships for a wind-induced naturally ventilated airspace

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Mechanistic Modeling of Emergency Events: Assessing the Impact of Hypothetical Releases of Anthrax

Indoor/outdoor relationship of PM2.5 concentration in typical buildings with and without air cleaning in Beijing

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Indoor/outdoor relationship of PM_2.5 concentration in typical buildings with and without air cleaning in Beijing