Size distribution of droplets from centrifugal spray nozzles

Nelson, P.A.; Stevens, William F.

doi:10.1002/aic.690070120

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The latter is taken to be 40 o based on the vendor provided data. The air core radius is taken from the data reported by Nelson and Stevens [44] for various spray cone angles. The ratio between the air core radius and the radius of the nozzle was found to be 0.22.…”

Section: Initial Droplet Injection Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modeling of a pilot-scale countercurrent spray drying tower for the manufacture of detergent powder

et al. 2016

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A steady-state, three-dimensional, multiphase CFD modelling of a pilot-plant counter-current spray drying tower is carried out to study the drying behavior of detergent slurry droplets. The software package ANSYS Fluent is employed to solve the heat, mass and momentum transfer between the hot gas and the polydispersed droplets/particles using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The continuous phase turbulence is modelled using the differential Reynolds stress model. The drying kinetics is modelled using a single droplet drying model [1] which is incorporated into the CFD code using user-defined functions. Heat loss from the insulated tower wall to the surrounding is modelled by considering thermal resistances due to deposits on the inside surface, wall, insulation and outside convective film. For the particle-wall interaction, the restitution coefficient is specified as a constant value as well as a function of particle moisture content. It is found that the variation in the value of restitution coefficient with moisture causes significant changes in the velocity, temperature and moisture profiles of the gas as well as the particles. Overall, a reasonably good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted powder temperature, moisture content and gas temperature at the bottom and top outlets of the tower; considering the complexity of the spray drying process, simplifying assumptions made in both the CFD and droplet drying models and the errors associated with the measurements.2

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Section: Initial Droplet Injection Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modeling of a pilot-scale countercurrent spray drying tower for the manufacture of detergent powder

et al. 2016

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“…In his work, the sample fluids were sprayed directly into liquid nitrogen and the screening of the frozen particles was accomplished in a cold room. Nelson and Stevens (1961) modified Choudhury's method and eliminated the necessity of a cold room by screening the frozen particles within an insulated sieve-container mounted on a giant shaker. Liquid nitrogen was poured intermittently over the container to keep the particles from melting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to simplify the experimental procedure for the determination of droplet size, Choudhury (1955) developed the liquid nitrogen freezing method. This method was later modified by Nelson (1958) and Nelson and Stevens (1961). The work of Nelson and Stevens perhaps represents the most comprehensive work on liquid atomization from grooved-core nozzles to date.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomization and Drop Size of Polymer Solution

Wang¹,

Tien²

1972

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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“…The above equation requires the radius of the air core (rc) and spray cone injection angle ( ). The injection angle is taken to be 40° based on vendor provided data and the radius of the air core is taken from the data reported by Nelson and Stevens (1961).…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal modelling of a counter-current spray drying tower

Ali

Mahmud

Heggs

et al. 2020

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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A generic multi-zonal modelling methodology for spray drying towers is proposed to provide relatively quick (seconds) simulations on desktop computers for decision making on changing process parameters for automatic process control. A multi-zonal model comprises combinations of all or some of six differing zones: plug-flow, semi-plug-flow and well-mixed zones in either co-or counter-current flow. This approach is demonstrated by predicting the dried powder characteristics of a detergent powder from a pilot-scale counter-current spray drying tower. The types, sizes and locations of the different zones are obtained by a detailed analysis of predictions from a previous 3-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of gas and particle flow dynamics and drying kinetics within the tower. The multi-zonal model consists of seven zonesfive in counter-current and two in co-current flow. The trends of the predicted gas temperature profiles are close to those from the CFD results. The particle exit temperature, moisture content and residence times over the full particle size distribution (PSD) range are very close to the CFD values unlike the previous simulated results from our plug-flow model. The outcome clearly demonstrates that the prerequisite to have a sound conceptual model of spray drying towers, such as the multi-zonal model developed here, is a detailed knowledge of the gas and particle flow fields within the tower.

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Size distribution of droplets from centrifugal spray nozzles

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

CFD modeling of a pilot-scale countercurrent spray drying tower for the manufacture of detergent powder

CFD modeling of a pilot-scale countercurrent spray drying tower for the manufacture of detergent powder

Atomization and Drop Size of Polymer Solution

Zonal modelling of a counter-current spray drying tower

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